Liver tumours and biliary pathology Flashcards Preview

Clinical pathology > Liver tumours and biliary pathology > Flashcards

Flashcards in Liver tumours and biliary pathology Deck (13)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Benign Adenoma of Liver Cells

A
  • A benign proliferation of liver cells
  • May be multiple (adenomatosis)
  • Often driven by exogenous steroids e.g. OCP, anabolic steroids
  • May rupture causing haemoperitoneum
2
Q

Adenoma of bile ducts

A
  • Bile duct adenoma/Von Meyenberg complex
  • A benign proliferation of bile duct cells – tiny white nodules
  • Look like metastases grossly: do a frozen section and can tell you if they are benign or malignant
3
Q

Haemangioma

A
  • Benign tumour of blood vessel

- 1% of the population; incidental finding on liver imaging

4
Q

Focal nodular hyperplasia

A
  • Tumour of blood vessel
  • Hyperplastic area of the liver, too much oxygenated blood and therefore hepatocytes are massive
  • Young females: 20-40; A regenerative, arterialised nodule
  • More scarring, yellow in colour
5
Q

Malignant Hepatocellular carcinoma

A
  • Usually arise in cirrhosis
  • Composed of malignant liver cells
  • Tumour may contain liver substances such as bile + antitrypsin globules
  • Secrete AFP which can be detected in the blood and measured
6
Q

Cholangiocarcinoma

A
  • Malignant tumour of bile duct cells
  • May be due to chronic inflammation
  • Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)
  • Liver fluke/clonorchis sinensis (parasites)
  • Aggressive, difficult to resect especially at the hilum of the liver
  • Firm and hard tumours
7
Q

Angiosarcoma

A
  • Very rare cancer
  • Aggressive tumour of blood vessels: malignant
    Strongly associated with toxins:
  • Vinyl chloride (use to make records)
  • Thorotrast (contrast agent)
  • No treatment, palliative care
8
Q

Secondary tumours of the liver

A
  • Majority of liver tumours are secondary - metastases
  • Commonest sites of origin are: lung, breast, colon, pancreas
  • Multiple whitish nodules
9
Q

Gallstones aetiology

A
  • Excess cholesterol, bile salts, bacterial growth
  • Calcification
  • Slowly form a stone (calculus)
10
Q

Gallstones clinical features

A
  • Up to 80% can be asymptomatic or crampy pain
11
Q

Gallstones complications

A
  • Obstruction at neck of gallbladder = pain
  • Obstruction at pancreatic level = pancreatitis - more severe complication
  • Obstruction at common duct = jaundice
  • Chronic cholecystitis
  • Perforation
12
Q

Chronic cholecystitis definition

A
  • Inflammation of the gallbladder due to chemical or bacterial causes
  • Over time causes fibrosis and ulceration of gallbladder
  • Clinical features: pain (right upper quadrant), fever, jaundice
13
Q

Chronic cholecystitis diagnosis and treatment

A
  • Diagnosis: USS (ultrasound scan) only 25% are visible on x-ray
  • Treatment: cholecystectomy

Decks in Clinical pathology Class (69):