Liver Lesions - Franco Flashcards Preview

M2 GI/Nutrition > Liver Lesions - Franco > Flashcards

Flashcards in Liver Lesions - Franco Deck (14)
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1
Q

How liver lesions categorized?

Which are more common?

A

Primary or Metastatic

Metastatic (in the US)

2
Q

What are 3 benign liver lesions?

What are 2 malignant liver lesions?

A
  • Benign
    • Hemangioma
    • Focal Nodular Hyperplasia
    • Adenoma
  • Malignant
    • Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    • Cholangiocarcinoma
3
Q

What are some risk factors for liver lesions?

A
  • Oral contraceptives (Hepatic adenoma)
  • Extrahepatic malignancy (Metastatic disease)
  • Liver Disease (Hepatocellular Carcinoma)
  • Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (Cholangiocarcinoma)
4
Q

What is an hemangioma?

What is the treatment for a hemangioma?

A

Essentially a dilated blood vessel; it is completely benign

Does not usually require treatment; replace estrogen contraceptives to see if it shrinks, otherwise surgical resection

5
Q

What is a focal nodular hyperplasia?

Who gets it?

A

overgrowth of cells surrounding an artery due to a bounty of nutrients

Typically women between 20-50

6
Q

What is a hepatic adenoma?

Who gets it?

A

Benign proliferation hepatocytes

Women of child-bearing age who use contraceptives

(glycogen storage disease, diabetes mellitus)

7
Q

What risks are associated with hepatic adenoma?

How are hepatic adenomas treated?

A

hemorrhage or maligant transformation

Discontinuation of contraceptives, avoid pregnancy, surgical resection

8
Q

What is the worldwide incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma?

What does HCC incidence mirror?

A

Widespread in south-east asia and africa

Hepatitis B infection rates

9
Q

What is the biggest cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States?

What percentage of HCC is caused by hepatitis?

A

Hepatitis C, cirrhosis

2/3 of all cases

10
Q

How do blood flow patterns change in HCC?

How can this be used to diagnose HCC?

A

Arterial flow is increased, while portal flow is decreased

HCC will show washout with contrast during the venous phase and light-up during the arterial phase

11
Q

What is AFP?

What is it a marker for?

How specific is it?

A

alpha fetoprotein, a produced by the liver and the placenta

Marker for HCC

Not very specific, can be elevated with hepatic inflammation or cirrhosis

12
Q

What are three ways HCC can be prevented?

A
  1. HBV vaccination
  2. Prompt treatment of hepatitis
  3. Coffee?
13
Q

What sites are metastatic disease most likely to come from?

A
  1. GI
    1. colon
    2. pancreas
    3. esophageal
    4. gastric
  2. Lung
  3. Urogenital
  4. Breast
  5. Melanoma
14
Q
A