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Flashcards in Lipids Deck (40)
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1
Q

lipid functions

A
hormones
thermal insulation
fluidity
carriers
cell membrane
energy (long term)
2
Q

lipid chemical subtypes

A

fatty acids (tryglycerides)
glycerol (phospholipids)
sterols (steriods, cholesterol, etc)

3
Q

lipid elements

A

CHOP

9 cal per g

4
Q

triglycerides formation

A

3 fatty acids + glycerol to form a triglyceride and water in dehydraiton synthesis

form saturated/non saturated structures

5
Q

lactating women need…

A

7% of lipids in diet

6
Q

saturated fats

A
the 'bad' fats
animal sources 
solid at room temperature (max number of carb to hydrogen)
no double bond/straight structure
sources: butter, lard, meat, dairy
7
Q

risk of saturated fats

A

cause: hypertenstion, cancer, heart disease, hypercholesterol

8
Q

unsaturated fats

A
1+ double bonds
mono/poly unsaturated
melt at room temperature
are cis/bent
reduces risk of saturated fat consumption
9
Q

sources of unsaturated fats

A

olive oil, linseed, flaxseed, soy, nuts, avocados

10
Q

types of monounsaturated fats

A

oleic acid

11
Q

tyep of polyunsaturated fats

A

linoleic acid

linolenic acid

12
Q

linolenic acid acid

A

omega 3 high; prevents heart disease

in flaxseed/peanuts

13
Q

linoleic acid

A

omega 6

14
Q

what are the essential fatty acids

A

can’t be made by body; must be eaten
we need omega 3/6
reduced choelsterol
(linoleic/linolenic acd)

15
Q

good sources of essential fatty acids

A

cold water fishes (SMASH) and nuts

16
Q

cold water fishes

A

best ones are like free salmon; who have more fat (as colder) and good ratio of fat (due to excersize)

17
Q

trans fatty acids

A
horrible
converted unsaturated fats by hydrogenation 
man made
solid at room tempt/soluble 
double bonds= now straight
18
Q

trans fatty acids sources

A

margarine
crisco
veggie oil

19
Q

trans fatty acids/saturated fats cons

A

block arteries= cause atherosclerosis because double bonds dont bend well

20
Q

health saturated fat?

A

lauric acid= short chain as it raises HDL (cholesterol)

found in coconuts

21
Q

HDl to LDL

A

HDL/LDL= high/low density lipoprotein

measure of good vs bad cholesterol

22
Q

lipoprotein

A

soluble protein complex that transports cholesterol in liver to cells

23
Q

why is hdl good

A

hdl carries excess cholesterol back to liver to elminate it/break it down

24
Q

steriods

A

hormones: testotestrone, cortisol, estrogel, cholesterol

25
Q

what is cholesterol

A

a waxy substance procuded already in body
found also in animal based products
liber= produces more hcolesterol with unhealthy fat diet

26
Q

function of cholesterol

A

steroid
flexiliby in membrance
used to make other hormones/bile/vitamin b
too much of it= creates blood clots

27
Q

risks factors for high cholesterol

A

age
gender
family
health history

28
Q

causes of high cholesteorl

A
sedentary lfiestly
high sat. fat 
over 40 yrs
poor diaetes manageament
smoking/alchol
29
Q

chlesterol fighting foods

A
olive oild
fish/omega 3
oats
fruits
whole grain cereals
beans/peas
nuts
30
Q

omega 9 sources

A

monounsaturated fats like olive oil, avocados, peanuts

31
Q

omega 6 sources

A

corn oil, safflower oil, sunflower oils

32
Q

healthy caloric intake of lipids

A

20-25 %

33
Q

phospholipids

A

form the phosopholipid bilayer in cell membrane

composed of a polar hydrophillic head (phosophate/glycerol) and non-polar hydrophobic tail (fatty acids)

34
Q

phospholipid example

A

lecithin

35
Q

phospholipid example sources

A
soybeans
eggs
milk
cotton seed
rapeseed/canola oild
36
Q

phospholipid properties

A

emulsifier (chocolate bar)
dietary supplement
low solubliity in water

37
Q

phospholipid pros

A
memory
blood lipids
reduces inflammation
lowers ldl
treats neurological disorder
38
Q

soybeans and phospholipids

A

soyproducts regulated by EU due to allergns

39
Q

smoke point

A

point at which an oil breaks down and produces harmful contexts

40
Q

acrlyamide

A

the brown bit of frying that causes cancer