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Flashcards in Lipids Deck (30)
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1
Q

insoluble in water due to hydrophobic/amphipathic character; don’t form polymers; function in energy storage, membrane components, active roles

A

lipids

2
Q

hydrocarbonds with carboxylic head group; usually in even number of Cs but differ in saturation and length

A

fatty acids

3
Q

double bonds are usually in ___ conformation and are located after carbons __, ___, and ___

A

cis; 9, 12, 15

4
Q

fatty acid nomenclature is #___:#___delta ___

A

carbons; double bonds; location of db bonds

5
Q

fatty acids associate thru ___ and ____ interactions

A

VDW; hydrophobic

6
Q

Which has more influence on melting temp: tail length or #db bonds?

A

db bonds

7
Q

fat storage cells in animal tissues

A

adipocytes

8
Q

List energy storage molecules in order from most rapid to most long term:

A

ATP (

9
Q

why are lipids effective in long term energy storage?

A

low oxidation state (less oxygens around) and low hydration state (more compact, limited interaction with water)

10
Q

storage lipids in animals and plants; ester linkage removes polar head group to make a more hydrophobic molecule

A

triacylglycerols

11
Q

treatment of animal fat with a strong base, breaking the ester linkages of triacylglycerols, often to make soap, is called:

A

saponification

12
Q

has the same texture and taste as fat but passes through digestive system without being absorbed (8 fatty acids linked to sucrose)

A

olestra

13
Q

non-polar esters of long-chain fatty acids and long chain monohydroxylic alcohols; have high melting temps and are very water insoluble; serve as protective waterproof coatings

A

waxes

14
Q

what are the different types of membrane lipids?

A

phospho (glycerophospho, sphingo) and glyco (sphingo, galactolipids)

15
Q

most abundant membrane lipid; glycerol backbone w/ a phosphate at the C3 position, and 2 fatty acids (phosphatidate). FA at C1 saturated with 16 or 18 C, FA at C2 unsaturated with 18 or 20 C

A

glycerophospholipids

16
Q

an example of a glycerophospholipid with a specialized polar head group, that once cleaved goes into the cell to trigger an increase in calcium

A

phosphatidylinositol

17
Q

since phosphate is limited in plants, often replace phosphate groups with:

A

two galactose groups (galactolipids) or sulfonate group (sulfolipids)

18
Q

___ are derived from long chain amino alcohol called sphingosine; a fatty acid links to sphingosine by an amide bond to form ___

A

sphingolipids; ceramide

19
Q

Name the three classes of sphingolipids

A

sphingomyelins, cerebrosides, and gangliosides

20
Q

contain phosphocholine/phosphoethanolamine

A

sphingomyelin

21
Q

type of glycosphingolipid, with a single sugar unit and no phosphate group

A

cerebrosides

22
Q

type of glycosphingolipid with more than 6 sugar units, and contain sialic acid which is involved in RBC identification as “old” or “new” (considered new when associated with RBC)

A

gangliosides

23
Q

What are the 3 key membrane modifications that extremophiles adopt in order to life in extreme conditions?

A

1) long chain hydrocarbs linked at either end to glycerol
2) fatty acid chains joined to glycerol through ether instead of ester
3) branched hydrocarb chains resist oxidation

24
Q

structural membrane lipids and precursors for things like hormones; four fused ring systems (3 six C rings, and 5-C ring) that are rigid and nearly planar

A

sterols/steroids

25
Q

known for causing plaques; mediates membrane fluidity (not too fluid or too solid), serves as precursor of steroid hormones and bile salts; regulating inflammation

A

cholesterol

26
Q

Paracrine hormones that act on cells near point of production; derivatives of C20 polyunsaturated FA (arachidonic acid)

A

eicosanoids

27
Q

what are the three classes of eicosanoids?

A

prostaglandins (constrict blood vessels), thromboxanes (blood clotting), leukotrienes (smooth-muscle contraction and bronchial constriction)

28
Q

____ blocks production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes

A

aspirin

29
Q

When tissue is damaged, plants can generate and release lipids called ____ that attract predatory bugs to attack herbivores eating plant

A

Green Leaf Volatiles (GLVs)

30
Q

wedge-like ____ ; cylindrical ______

A

micelle units, lipid bilayer units