Lifespan (Family, Peers, School, Television) Flashcards Preview

EPPP > Lifespan (Family, Peers, School, Television) > Flashcards

Flashcards in Lifespan (Family, Peers, School, Television) Deck (36)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Women are at higher risk for divorce when they marry at a young age, have a lower level of education, had a child before marriage or within _______ of marriage, or cohabitated with their partner prior to marriage

A

seven months

2
Q

Gottesman and Levenson identified two interaction patterns that are predictive of divorce: an emotionally ______ patterns is predictive of earlier divorce, while an emotionally _____ pattern is predictive of later divorce

A

volatile attack-defend; inexpressive

3
Q

Following divorce, custodial mothers are more often less warm and loving toward their children and are less consistent but more _______ in terms of punishment.

A

authoritarian

4
Q

The effects of divorce on children tend to be most profound during the _____ after he divorce, but the specific consequences are related to the child’s age and gender

A

first year

5
Q

Children who are ____ at the time of the divorce initially exhibit the most problems, while children who are ______ may exhibit more long-term negative consequences

A

preschoolers; older (6-8 years old)

6
Q

A number of studies suggest that the immediate consequences of divorce are worse for male children, but their may be a _____ effect for female children, who don’t show serious problems initially but develop problems in adolescence

A

sleeper

7
Q

Some research suggests that it is ______, rather than the divorce itself, that creates risk for children

A

parental conflict

8
Q

Remarriage is generally more difficult for older children and adolescents, but ______ may actually benefit from the presence of a stepfather

A

preadolescent boys

9
Q

Overall, the relationship between stepfathers and their stepchildren is best described as _______

A

disengaged

10
Q

The benefits of maternal employment seem to outweigh its costs: children of working mothers exhibit more egalitarian _____, and in lower SES families, sons of working mothers obtain higher scores on measures of ______

A

gender-role concepts; cognitive development

11
Q

Research on the effects of daycare has produced inconsistent results but, overall, it appears that high-quality daycare does not have a ______

A

detrimental impact

12
Q

Studies comparing children of gay or lesbian parents with heterosexual parents indicate that the psychological adjustment, gender identity development, and sexual orientation of these children are ______

A

similar

13
Q

In terms of child sexual abuse, there is evidence that the negative consequences are less severe when the perpetrator is a ________

A

stranger

14
Q

In middle childhood, sibling relationships are marked by a paradoxical combination of ______ and cooperation/competition; while, in adolescence, sibling relationships become less ______ and more distant and egalitarian

A

closeness/conflict; emotionally intense

15
Q

Play is viewed as essential for all aspects of a child’s development: _____ play, for example, provides opportunities to develop cognitive abilities related to symbolizing, imitation, and problem solving

A

dramatic (imaginative)

16
Q

As described by Parten, children’s nonsocial play includes unoccupied, onlooker, and solitary play, while their social play includes parallel, associative, and _____ play

A

cooperative

17
Q

research on the ______ hypothesis indicates that the subjective perception of social support is more critical than actual support for alleviating feelings of loneliness and reducing the effects of stress

A

buffering

18
Q

Studies comparing outcomes for rejected and neglected children have found that _______ children are less likely to experience an improvement in peer status when they change social groups

A

rejected

19
Q

Peer pressure to conform peaks at about age _____ and, at this time, adolescents are responsive to all types of peer influence– neutral, positive, and negative

A

14 or 15;

20
Q

Cartensen’s socioemotional selectivity theory predicts that social motives correspond to perceptions of time left in life as being ______

A

limited or unlimited

21
Q

Although early cross-sectional studies found a _____ relationship between marital duration and satisfaction, subsequent studies using a different methodology have generally not supported that pattern

A

U-shaped

22
Q

Research investigating the impact of teacher expectations suggests that they can have a ______ (Rosenthal) effect on student achievement

A

self-fulfilling prophecy

23
Q

Teachers tend to treat boys and girls differently, For example, boys are more likely to be praised for ______, while girls are rewarded more for ____, cooperation, and dependent behaviours

A

intellectual accomplishments and tasks-related behaviour; effort

24
Q

Gender differences in academic achievement have decreased in recent years, and there is evidence that, when parents do not have stereotyped beliefs about ______. their daughters are less likely to experience declines in math and science during adolescence

A

gender roles

25
Q

Studies investigating the impact of Head Start and other compensatory programs suggest that gains in _______ are short-lived but that children who attend these programs have improved attitudes toward school are less likely to be placed in special education classes and to drop out of high school

A

IQ test scores

26
Q

A distinguishing feature of the Montessori method is its assumption that learning stems from _______

A

sense perception

27
Q

Television viewing has been linked to increased levels of ______, reinforcement of sex-role stereotypes, and increased risk for obesity

A

aggression

28
Q

It is not until age ____ that children understand that TV characters are actors playing a role and age _____ that they understand that commercials are intended to influence the buying habits of viewers

A

7; 8

29
Q

According to Carstensen’s (1993) socioemotional selectivity theory, most older adults prefer social relationships:

A

that provide them with emotional intimacy

30
Q

A child is most likely to exhibit behavioral and psychological problems following the divorce of his parents if:

A

his parents frequently argue in front of him

31
Q

It is not until the age of ___ that most children understand that, when the “bad guy” is shot on television, he is not really dead.

A

7

32
Q

Research on teacher feedback suggests that teachers:

A

criticize and help boys more than girls.

33
Q

Research on the outcomes of parental divorce for children has identified a “sleeper effect,” which refers to the tendency of:

A

girls to show an increase in negative outcomes as they reach adolescence.

34
Q

Studies comparing children of lesbian and heterosexual mothers suggests that children of lesbian mothers:

A

are comparable in adjustment to children of heterosexual mothers

35
Q

Tyrone and Tyree are 9-year-old twins. Their mother has worked as a bank teller since they were two years old. In comparison to children whose mothers do not work outside the home, you would expect Tyrone and Tyree to:

A

have fewer gender-role stereotypes

36
Q

Which of the following is most likely to be an accurate description of the relationship between two sisters, ages 14 and 16?

A

somewhat distant but egalitarian

Decks in EPPP Class (68):