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Flashcards in life in Germany Deck (19)
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1
Q

what were attitudes towards female employment and education?

A

〰 women helped to rebuild the economy due to loss of able bodied men.
〰 Adenauer spoke on importance of more jobs and better working conditions for women but gov did not make this happen
〰 paid 1/3 lower than men for full time work
〰 70% of women belived they should stay at home
〰 guest workers given work instead
〰 1900 Germna civil code revised so women didnt need husbands permission to work
〰 female students increased

2
Q

What were attitides towards women’s role in family life?

A

〰 traditional marriage was once again societies ideal
〰 financial benefits for wives and mothers
〰motherhood was a high status
〰 not until 1977 marriage and family law did women get equal rights in marriage

3
Q

what women’s organisations existed?

A

〰 women’s liberation movements in 60s and 70s seeking to overturn societies established role as wife
〰1968 organisation set up day care centres for children
〰no groups campaigning for equality in the workplace and laws against sexual discrimination

4
Q

what were women’s roles in politics?

A

few women were involved in politics. Only 4 were on the council that drew up the basic law

5
Q

How were attitudes towards / role of women defined by the law?

A

〰 article 3 ‘equality under the law’ for all
〰 basic law clause on celibacy for female public officials
〰 widespread KKK ideology
〰 widespread opposition to pro-abortion campaigns
〰 German Civil Code revised to give more employment opportunities

6
Q

What was a guest worker?

A

from 1955 the FRG looked overseas to recruit people

signed agreements with Italy, Spain, Greece, Tunisia

7
Q

why did the FRG governments recruit foreign workers?

A

the rapid growth of the West German economy needed a constantly expanding workforce

8
Q

How many foreign workers were recruited?

A

1973 - 2.6 million guiest workers in FRG

9
Q

What evidence is there that people were tolerant towards minorities in the 50s/60s?

A

〰 non German workers got same wages
〰 labour recruitment treaties with other countries
〰 Theodor Blank’s speech declaring guest workers were the foundation of Germany’s success
〰unions and church organisations helped guest workers to adjust to work (but not to assimilate)

10
Q

What evidence is there that people were intolerant towards minorities in the 50s/60s?

A

〰in 1950s, unions felt guest workers would drive wages down. Gov agreed to give German workers preference when hiring
〰 basic accommodation provided by employers cut them off from local community
〰 Name ‘guest’ workers
〰 took on manual labour and unwanted jobs
〰year-by-year contracts
〰1966 recession brought out hostility to foreign workers

11
Q

What evidence is there that people were tolerant towards minorities in the 70s/80s?

A

〰 children got same benefits
〰 ban on foregin workers lifted 1977
〰 1978 first Federal Commissioner for Foreigners’ affairs appointed to promote rights and integration
〰Basic law gave equality and eduction.

12
Q

What evidence is there that people were intolerant towards minorities in the 70s/80s?

A

〰1973 banned permits for families of workers
〰60% of foreign children in schools in 1983 were Muslim, but preschool eductaion was run by christian schools
〰minorities set up own national schools that faced hostility
〰’Ethnic associations’ made assimilation harder

13
Q

Why did treatment of minorities vary during the years of the FRG?

A

varied depending on
〰 unemployment levels
〰 opportunities for assimilation provided by gov
〰attitudes of West German population

14
Q

How did the process of de-Nazification under the allies affect education in the FRG?

A

〰temporarily shut all schools
〰allies pressed for a reform of education system but failed
〰 banned schoolbooks that taught Nazi racial theories
〰 Teachers were vetted

15
Q

Was the de-nazification of the education system successful?

A

division in to 4 zones and year zero approach meant early years de-nazification was limited

By 1947 more than 85% of teachers who had lost their job due to de-nazification were back in work

16
Q

what was the structure of the education system in West Germany?

A

〰 Lander responsible. Regional control meant varied experiences.
〰School restructuring did not happen
〰 few secular schools in south, but many in north
〰free education up to end of secondary schools
〰rising numbers of people in Gymnasium
〰funding and loans meant more wc in uni
〰 Dusseldorf agreement 1955 regulated term dates

17
Q

what were characteristic of the curriculum?

A

〰 continued from Weimar years
〰varied depending on Lander
〰debates surrounding how recent German history should be taught
〰 1967 inability to mourn pushed some lander to reform

18
Q

What influenced culture in the FRG?

A

〰 De-Nazifictaion. Free press re-established
〰allies culture. Hollywood
〰growing numbers of social movements
〰regional cultures
〰 younger filmmakers. Das Neue Kino focused on the unassimilated past of Nazi Germany and the social problems of the FRG

19
Q

What cultural tensions existed in the FRG from the 1960s?

A

old vs young. Young wanted to confront the past.
Old wanted familiar and traditional culture and comfortable consumerist lifestyle.
1967 inability to mourn book