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Flashcards in Lesson Plan 11 Foam Deck (42)
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0
Q

There are two basic types of foam;

A

Chemical foam and mechanical foam

1
Q

The two basic ingredients of foam are ____ and _____

A

gas / liquid

2
Q

The types of mechanical foams inlcude:

A

Protein/Flouroprotein
Synthetic Detergent
AFFF (Aqueous Film Forming Foam)

3
Q

Mechanical foam is formed by mixing _____ and a liquid ______ agent with a ____, which is typically ____.

A

water; foaming; gas; air

4
Q

In all foams, the bubble functions as a vehicle to _____ ____ to the fire.

A

carry water

5
Q

Foam has proven to be the ____ _____ means of controlling and extinguishing fires for most _____ _____ (Class _), and is used successfully on ____ _ materials where penetration of water into deep-seated fires is important.

A

most effective; flammable liquids/Class B; Class A

6
Q

____ is the gaseous agent in modern foams, and ____ is the main ingredient (____ to ____) of each bubble’s wall.

A

Air; water; 95%-99%

7
Q

The remaining 1% to 5% of the bubble’s wall is made up of ____ ____

A

foaming agent

8
Q

Foams can control and extinguish flammable liquid in a variety of ways, name the 5 listed:

A
  • Exclude O2 from flammable vapors, smothering the flames
  • Cool the fuel surface with the water
  • Content of the foam (which relates to chemical foam containing CO2
  • Prevent release of flammable vapors from the fuel surface
  • Chemically absorb the heat created
9
Q

The 3 components of firefighting foam _____, ____ _____, and ____ are combined using a ________ that meters a prescribed amount of foam concentrate in to the water flow and a nozzle (_____ ____) with an air inlet (_____) or mechanical agitator (______ _____). The water and foam liquid solution mixed at the proportioner passes on to the foam nozzle which introduces ____ into the mixture to generate foam.

A

water; foam concentrate; air; proportioner; foam generator; aspirating; spinning teeth; air

10
Q

4 methods of proportioning are

A

Induction
Injection
Batch mixing
Premixing

11
Q

Class A foam concentrates are used primarily for controlling or preventing fires involving _____ ______; acting as a _____, reducing the _____ _____ of the water which allows the water to easily penetrate the burning material. The foam properties allow for a blanket of foam to be created to protect ______ areas or prevent ______.

A

ordinary combustibles; surfactant; surface tension; unburned; re-ignition

12
Q

Class A foam may also be used as a _______ agent for Class B _____ (_____) flammable liquid spills especially when the spill/fire involves Class A materials.

A

smothering; hydrocarbon / non-polar

13
Q

Class A foam should not be routinely used on fuel spills deeper than ___ and should never be mixed with ______ foams.

A

1/2” ; AFFF

14
Q

Class A foam is _____, ____ and _____, making it a first choice for firefighting operations.

A

non-corrosive; non-toxic; biodegradable

15
Q

Using Class A foam makes water up to ____ ____ more effective on Class A fires.

A

5 times

16
Q

Proportioned rates for Class A foams vary from ____ to ____. In the COB we use ____ as our default for structural firefighting. ____ to ____ is used for wildland or grass fires. ___ to ___ may be used to create a thick foam blanket to stop flame spread or smother a fuel/spill fire.

A

0.1% - 1.0%; 0.1%; 0.3% - 0.5%; 0.5% - 1.0%

17
Q

T/F - AFFF foams are not environment friendly

A

T

18
Q

AFFF is the standard product in situations where hydrocarbon fuels are the major risk. What are the 4 advantages

A
  1. Excellent fire performance
  2. Use in a wide variety of equipment
  3. Long storage life
  4. The AFFF/ATC concentrates are used on a wide range of polar and nonpolar flammable liquids and may be used on ordinary combustibles
19
Q

Effectiveness of AFFF stems from its ability to cause a ____ ____ of water solution to float on top of ____ ______ liquids. When applied, they not only form a foam blanket, but they also develop an _____ _____ that drains from the foam and forms a ____ ___ which restricts the emission of flammable vapors.

A

thin film; non-polar flammable; aqueous film; vapor seal

20
Q

T/F AFFF is dependent upon foam expansion (air entrapment) for its fire extinguishing effeciency

A

False - provides the aqueous film as well

21
Q

Protein/fluoroprotein and synthetic foams attack the fire tetrahedron from ____ sides. The foam blanket ______ _____. Water in the bubble takes away ____. Until a complete foam blanket is established, no effective _____ _____ of the fuel can take place.

A

2; excludes O2; heat; vapor sealing

22
Q

AFFF and AFFF/ATC foams, in contrast from Protein/Synthetic foams, perform all ____ functions of the fire triangle. The foam blanket _____ ____. Water in the bubbles takes away ____ and the _____ ____ slows vaporization, thus cutting off the _____ of the ____ to the fire.

A

3; excludes O2; heat; aqueous film; supply; fuel

23
Q

Novacool is a _____ ____ ___ (___) that uses a chemical reaction along with the benefits of foam to extinguish and control the fire by cooling. It can be used on ______, ____, and ___ fires.

A

Universal Extinguishing Agent (UEA); Class A / B / D

24
Q

How fast can Novacool take for the energy transfer from fire to water via the photochemical reaction

A

.001 up to .000001 of a second that 10 to the negative 3 to 10 to the negative 6 power

25
Q

Using our in line eductors; what are the nozzles set at for proper gpm and nozzle pressure. What is the maximum hose length from the eductor and pressure at the eductor.

A

95 gpm or 125 gpm with a nozzle pressure of 100 psi. Max distance from the eductor is 150’ with a pressure at the eductor at 200 psi

26
Q

Proportioning devices (inline eductors) are designed to meter the AFFF at the proper concentrations (____, ____, or ___) in the water stream

A

1%, 3%, 6%

27
Q

Eductors use the ______ principle to pull the foam concentrate into the water stream

A

venturi

28
Q

What prevents water from flowing back into the pickup tube and concentration container of an inline eductor.

A

ball check valve

29
Q

Eductors operate on _____ ____, the water volume through an area, not ____ ____

A

water flow; water pressure

30
Q

Generally, _____% or more on the inlet pressure is lost in the _____. For this reason, most eductor manufacturers recommend a minimum inlet pressure of _____ psi

A

40%; eductor; 200

31
Q

Most BFD apparatus are equipped with on-board foam proportioning systems. These are ____ ______ - _____ ____ - _____ _____ systems. This system can provide a foam solution in ratios from _____ to ____%

A

variable flow - variable rate - direct injection systems; 0.1% - 3%

32
Q

Novacool is used at a rate of ____%

A

0.4%

33
Q

When approaching a hazard requiring foam, the firefighter must determine 3 specific questions

A

What is the hazard (fire or non-ignited spill)
What is the fuel (polar i.e. ethanol or non-polar ie gasoline)
What is the area of the hazard (ft/2)

34
Q

With gasoline fires (non-polar) Novacool should be used for initial attack at _____ %

A

0.4%

35
Q

For ethanol or polar fires, Novacool should be used at ____%

A

1%

36
Q

Emergencies involving spills (non-ignited) spill control is conducted in 4 separate steps:

A

Identification
Containment
Control
Removal

37
Q

Fire in ordinary combustible materials, such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber and many plastics

A

Class A fires

38
Q

Fires in flammable liquids, oils, greases, tars, oil based paints, lacquers, and flammable gases

A

Class B fires

39
Q

Fires which involve energized electrical equipment where the electrical non-conductivity of the extinguished media is of importance.

A

Class C fires

40
Q

Fires in combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium, lithium, and potassium

A

Class D fires

41
Q

Novacool definition: A UEF (______ _____ ____) for use in initial attack on Class __, ___ and __ fires, most often used at ____% except on alcohol type fuels where it is used at ____%

A

Universal Extinguishing Agent; A/B/D fires; 0.4%; 1.0%