Lesson 4B (Part 5) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lesson 4B (Part 5) Deck (16)
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1
Q

What does bladder calculi cause? (2)

A
  1. Migration of stones from the kidney

2. Stasis related to bladder outlet obstruction, cystocele, neurogenic bladder or foreign body

2
Q

Is bladder calculi symptomatic or asymptomatic?

A

Asymptomatic

- unless obstructed

3
Q

Staghorn Calculi

A

Large, jagged coral shaped calcification that resembles horns of a stag that is the result of recurrent infections

4
Q

Who are staghorn calculi more commonly seen in?

A

Women

5
Q

What are the symptoms of staghorn calculi? (3)

A
  1. Fever
  2. Hematuria
  3. Flank pain
6
Q

What kind of patients are staghorn calculi frequently seen in?

A

Patients with a neurogenic bladder

7
Q

Extra renal pelvis

A

Renal pelvis lies partly outside of the kidney

- frequently dilated with urine

8
Q

Nephrocalcinosis

A

Renal parenchymal calcification

9
Q

What does nephrocalcinosis dystrophic occur in? (3)

A
  1. Tumors
  2. Abscess
  3. Hematomas
10
Q

What does nephrocalcinosis metastatic occur in?

A

Hypercalcemic states

  • hyperparathyroidism
  • renal failure
  • acidosis
11
Q

What does nephrocalcinosis look like on US?

A

Medullary pyramids are surrounded with calcium deposits exhibiting acoustic shadowing

  • within the collecting system
  • echogenic around the pyramids
12
Q

Chronic renal failure

A

A medical condition of impaired kidney function in which the kidneys fail to adequately filter metabolic wastes from the blood

13
Q

What are 5 causes of renal failure?

A
  1. Glomerulonephritis
  2. Hypertension
  3. Vascular disease
  4. Diabetes mellitus
  5. Chronic hydronephrosis
14
Q

What are the clinical findings of renal failure? (7)

A
  1. Elevated BUN and creatinine
  2. Proteinuria
  3. Polyuria
  4. Headaches
  5. Fatigue
  6. Weakness
  7. Anemia
15
Q

What are the sonographic findings of renal failure? (4)

A
  1. Renal atrophy
  2. Hyperechoic parenchyma
  3. Thin renal cortex <1cm
  4. Difficult to distinguish the kidney from the surrounding structures
16
Q

What does renal failure lead to? (2)

A
  1. Dialysis

2. Renal transplant