Lesson 4B (Part 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the arterial supply for the testes?

A

Testicular artery

- branches from the abdominal aorta, just below the renal arteries

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2
Q

What is the venous supply for the testes?

A

Testicular vein

- passes into the abdominal cavity

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3
Q

Where does the left testicular vein dump into?

A

The left renal vein

- then to the IVC

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4
Q

What is venous outflow from the scrotum through?

A

Pampiniform plexus

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5
Q

Where does the pampiniform plexus empty into?

A

Testicular veins

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6
Q

Where does lymph drain through?

A

Through lymph nodes around the aorta

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7
Q

Where does the nerve supply for the male reproductive system branch from?

A

The 10th and 11th thoracic nerves

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8
Q

How long is the deferent duct?

A

45 cm long

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9
Q

Where does the deferent duct pass through?

A

Upwards from the testis through the inguinal canal

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10
Q

Where does the deferent duct ascends medially towards?

A

The posterior wall of the bladder

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11
Q

What does the deferent duct join with to form the ejaculatory duct?

A

The seminal vesicle

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12
Q

What are the seminal vesicles composed of?

A

Two small fibromuscular pouches lined with columnar epithelium

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13
Q

Where are the seminal vesicles located?

A

Lying on the posterior aspect of the bladder

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14
Q

What does the seminal vesicles do?

A

Contract and expel their stored contents, seminal fluid, during ejaculation

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15
Q

What % does seminal fluid make up of the fluid ejaculated at the male orgasm?

A

60%

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16
Q

What does seminal fluid contain?

A

Nutrients to support the sperm

17
Q

How many ejaculatory ducts are there?

A

two tubes

- about 2 cm long

18
Q

Where does the ejaculatory duct pass through?

A

The prostate gland

19
Q

What does the ejaculatory duct join up with after it passes through the prostate gland?

A

Prostatic urethra

- carrying seminal fluid and spermatozoa to the urethra

20
Q

What are the ejaculatory ducts composed of?

A

The same layers of tissue as the seminal vesicles

21
Q

What are the main components of the male reproductive system that you can see on US? (5)

A
  1. Epididymis
  2. Testis
  3. Pampiniform plexus
  4. Spermatic cord
  5. Groin
22
Q

What is US used for on the male reproductive system? (11)

A
  1. Causes for pain

  2. Mass
  3. Trauma
  4. Infertility
  5. Undescended testis
  6. Reduced Sperm count
  7. Varicocele
  8. Hydrocele
  9. Infections
    - orchitis and prostatitis
  10. Polycystic kidney disease
  11. Cryptorchidism
23
Q

Why is it important to use warm gel when doing a scrotal exam?

A

Because by using cold gel it may cause the skin on the scrotum to contract and become thick or may cause the testicles to ascend in the scrotal sac making imaging more difficult

24
Q

What is the most common reason for testicular trauma? (2)

A
  1. Biking accidents

2. Men who play sports and dont wear jocks

25
Q

What should be performed when evaluating for varicoceles or hernieas? (2)

A
  1. Valsalva manoeuver

2. Scanning in the upright position

26
Q

How does the testes appear on US? (2)

A
  1. Visceral and parietal layers of the tunica
    - one echogenic stripe
  2. Homogenous
27
Q

How does the epididymis appear on US?

A

Similar or slightly increased echogenicity as compared to the normal testis

28
Q

How does the mediastinum testis appear on US?

A

Linear echogenic band running craniocaudally or parallel to the epididymis

29
Q

How does the appendix testis and appendix epididymis appear on US?

A

Small ovoid hyperechoic protuberances found at the superior pole of the testis

  • normally hidden by the epididymal head
  • unless outlined by fluid from a hydrocele, they are difficult to find on ultrasound
30
Q

How does the spermatic cord appear on US? (2)

A
  1. Multiple hypoechoic linear structures in the longitudinal plane
  2. Circular hypoechoic structures in the transverse plane