Lesson 4A (Part 3)

Question 1

Prostatitis

Answer 1

Inflammation of the prostate, sometimes caused by infection

Question 2

What is an enlarged prostate called?

Answer 2

Prostatic hypertrophy

- BPH

Question 3

Who does prostate growth affect?

Answer 3

Virtually all men over 50

Question 4

What symptom occurs with increasing age?

Answer 4

Difficult urination

Question 5

What is prostatitis treated with?

Answer 5

Antibiotics

Question 6

What is BPH treated with? (2)

Answer 6

1. Medicines

2. Surgery

Question 7

BPH

Answer 7

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Question 8

What is the most common form of cancer in men?

Answer 8

Prostate cancer

Question 9

How can prostate cancer be treated? (4)

Answer 9

1. Surgery
2. Radiation
3. Hormone therapy
4. Chemotherapy

Question 10

What is acute prostatitis usually caused by?

Answer 10

Non-specific infection, spread from the urethra or bladder

- often following catheterisation, cystoscopy, urethral dilation or prostate surgery

Question 11

What is the most common prostate problem for men younger than age 50?

Answer 11

Prostatitis

Question 12

What may follow acute prostatitis?

Answer 12

Chronic infection

Question 13

When might fibrosis of the gland occur?

Answer 13

During healing

- causing urethral stricture or obstruction

Question 14

When does a chronic infection occur?

Answer 14

When it goes untreated

Question 15

What are the symptoms of prostatitis? (5)

Answer 15

1. Low back pain
2. Low grade fever
3. Dysuria
4. Urinary urgency
5. Enlarged prostate on digital exam
   - very painful

Question 16

What is prostatitis caused by? (2)

Answer 16

1. UTI

2. STD

Question 17

What does prostatitis look like on US? (6)

Answer 17

1. Normal
2. Hypoechoic due to inflammation
3. Edematous gland
4. Slightly enlarged
5. Focal or diffuse hypoechoic areas
6. Increased colour

Question 18

What is the number one feature of prostatitis?

Answer 18

Volume

Question 19

Where are the focal hypoechoic regions located in prostatitis?

Answer 19

In the peripheral zone

Question 20

What does discrete fulid collectinon in the prostate gland suggest?

Answer 20

Abscess formation

Question 21

What does colour doppler US demonstrate on an abscess?

Answer 21

Increase flow in the periphery

Question 22

What is the treatment for acute or chronic prostatitis? (3)

Answer 22

1. Antibiotics
2. Medications
3. Surgery

• depends on the type

Question 23

What is benign prostatic enlargment?

Answer 23

Hyperplastic nodules form around the urethra and may obstruct the flow of urine, causing urinary retention

Question 24

Where does BPH occur?

Answer 24

In the transition zone

Question 25

What can prevent the bladder emptying completely during micturition?

Answer 25

Urethral stricture

Question 26

What causes pyelonephritis?

Answer 26

Urethral stricture

Question 27

Pyelonephritis

Answer 27

Inflammation of the substance of the kidney as a result of bacterial infection

Question 28

What is the most common prostate problem for men older than age 50?

Answer 28

BPH

Question 29

How does BPH appear on US? (6)

Answer 29

1. Irregular and enlarged transition zone
   - central gland is enlarged
2. Heterogenous
3. Cysts
4. Calcifications
5. Central and Peripheral zone may be compressed
6. Increase volume of the prostate