Lesson 2B (Part 2)

Question 1

What can tumours grow into?

Answer 1

1. Block
2. Lymph vessel
3. Node

Question 2

What do tumours block?

Answer 2

The flow of lymph

Question 3

What are examples of minor lymphadenitis? (4)

Answer 3

1. Measles
2. Typhoid
3. Ct-scratch fever
4. Wound or skin infections

Question 4

When does lymphadenitis occur? (4)

Answer 4

1. Following unresolved acute infections
2. In tuberculosis
3. Syphilis
4. Some low-grade infections

Question 5

Lymphomas

Answer 5

Malignant tumours of lymphoid tissue

Question 6

What are the classifications of lymphoma? (2)

Answer 6

1. Hodgkin’s lymphomas

2. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas

Question 7

Hodgkin’s disease

Answer 7

Progressive, painless enlargement of lymph nodes throughout the body

Question 8

What are the first type of lymph nodes that are often first to be noticed as hodgkins?

Answer 8

Superficial lymph nodes in the neck

Question 9

What kind of tumours are hodgkins?

Answer 9

Malignant

Question 10

What is the cause of hodgkins?

Answer 10

Unknown

Question 11

What does hodgkins do?

Answer 11

It reduces immunity, because lymphocyte function is depressed, and recurrent infection is therefore common

Question 12

What are 2 examples of non-hodgkins lymphomas?

Answer 12

1. Multiple myeloma

2. Burkitt’s lymphoma

Question 13

How are non-hodgkins classified?

Answer 13

According to the type of cell involved and the degree of malignancy

Question 14

Where do malignant tumours develop?

Answer 14

In lymph nodes in any part of the body

Question 15

What happens if a lymph node cannot filter out the cancer in the lymph?

Answer 15

They can multiply and form metastatic tumours

Question 16

What is the most common anomaly of the hear and neck?

Answer 16

Thyroglossal (Duct) Cyst

Question 17

Thyroglossal (Duct) Cyst

Answer 17

Is a cyst that is located beneath the skin of the anterior midline of the neck, usually just below the hyoid bone

Question 18

What is the second most common cause of thyroglossal (duct) cyst?

Answer 18

A neck mass in children

Question 19

What is the most common cause of thyroglossal (duct) cyst?

Answer 19

Lymphadenopathy

Question 20

What is the sonographic appearance of thyroglossal (duct) cyst?

Answer 20

Low-level intraluminal reflectors

- due to bleeding or infection

Question 21

Brachial cleft cyst

Answer 21

Abnormal persistence of remnants of the branchial apparatus results in cysts, sinuses and fistulas

Question 22

What is the sonographic appearance of brachial cleft cyst?

Answer 22

Cystic neck mass, along the medial border of sternocleidomastoid muscle
- usually in the upper neck.