Leninist/Stalinist Society Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Leninist/Stalinist Society Deck (42)
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1
Q

What does Marxism teach about class struggles?

A

Society will evolve through class struggles

2
Q

What name was given to the Bolshevik ‘class enemies?’

A

Burzhui

3
Q

When was the official abolition of the ‘class hierarchy?’

A

November 1917

4
Q

What did the abolition of the ‘class hierarchy’ mean for society?

A

official titles and privileges were removed.

5
Q

How were the former bourgeoisie affected by the removal of class hierarchy?

A

They could no longer work, they were made to do tasks such as cleaning streets and their homes were requisitioned and turned into a communal living space for workers.

6
Q

What was a Komunalki?

A

A communal living space for the working class.

7
Q

How did the NEP affect the Buzhui?

A

It was a political acknowledgement that society needed bourgeois specialists.

8
Q

Explain the communist idea of the ‘socialist man.’

A

The type of personal who was publicly engaged and committed to the community.

9
Q

What was ‘Proletarianisation?’

A

To turn the mass of the population into urban workers.

10
Q

What harsh working conditions were evident during Lenin’s time?

A

Workers could be imprisoned/shot if they failed to meet targets and internal passports were blocked to stop people leaving their working positions.

11
Q

How had the labour force grown by 1932?

A

It had doubled.

12
Q

How did the working conditions become more severe under Stalin?

A

7 Day working weeks, longer hours and dismissal and eviction for missing work. Strikes were illegal.

13
Q

What changes to working conditions were made in 1931?

A

Intorduction of wage differentials, bonuses and payment by the piece.
Better housing.

14
Q

When was the Stakhanovite Movement?

A

1935

15
Q

What was the Stakhanovite Movement?

A

Stakhanov extracted an immense amount of coal and was hailed as an example of what should be achieved.
It became a way of forcing management to support their workers to increase production.

16
Q

During the Stakhanovite Movement, what happened to managers who failed to fulfil targets?

A

They were removed and branded as saboteurs.

17
Q

When was rationing phased out?

A

1935

18
Q

What rights were given to women after 1917?

A

The right against sex discrimination and the right to own property.

19
Q

How was the church affected after 1917?

A

It’s influence was removed by the recognition of only civil marriage.

20
Q

What changes were made to divorce after 1917?

A

it was made easier and less expensive

21
Q

When was abortion legalised and why?

A

1920.

High levels of mortality rates due to illegal abortions.

22
Q

How was the common family unit affected after 1917?

A

Contraceptive advice provided for free,

1926 introduced a new family code & 1928 wedding rings were banned.

23
Q

What changes were made under the 1926 Family Code?

A

It gave women in ‘common law’ marriages the same rights as those in civil marriages.

24
Q

When did family become a particular focus for Stalin?

A

1930.

25
Q

Why did Family become a focus for Stalin?

A

A fall in population growth after the purges and the living conditions in Komunalki.

26
Q

What changes to family code were enforced from 1936?

A

Large fees introduced to deter divorce,
adultery was criminalised,
contraception was banned,
bonuses for families with large numbers of children

27
Q

What was the ratio of abortions to live births by 1940?

A

150,000 abortions to 57,000 live births.

28
Q

What was enforced by the Commissariat of the Enlightenment? (under Lenin)

A

provided free education at all levels in coeducational schools.

29
Q

What changes were made to education under Stalin?

A

Education became the responsibility of the collective farms.
Secondary education & University education was selective and high targets were set for teachers.
If pupils failed to achieve, teachers could be purged.

30
Q

What was the Komsomol?

A

A youth organisation connected to the communist party.

31
Q

When were the church lands seized?

A

1917

32
Q

When did the church and the state officially separate?

A

1918

33
Q

Why did hundreds of priests loose their lived during War Communism?

A

They were deprived of rations.

34
Q

What year was religious worship restricted to ‘registered congregations?’

A

1929

35
Q

How did the working conditions affect religion?

A

There was no religious resting day allowed within the working week.

36
Q

How many churches had been shut down by 1941?

A

40,000

37
Q

in 1937, what percentage of society defined themselves as believers in religion?

A

57%

38
Q

How did Stalin’s centralisation affect national minorities?

A

It juxtaposed the single ‘soviet identity.’

39
Q

When did Stalin begin deportations of non-Russians?

A

1930.

40
Q

When was Petrograd renamed to Leningrad?

A

1924.

41
Q

Why was Petrograd remaned to Leningrad?

A

Lenin had to be remembered as Godlike in order to support Stalin’s cult and the idea that Stalin was Lenin’s ‘disciple’

42
Q

How did the 1930s shape literature and the arts?

A

Stalin felt the arts were only necessary if they supported socialist ideologies.
The creativity of the 1920s was suppressed in a wave of conformity by the 1930s.