Lecture 8 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lecture 8 Deck (57)
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1
Q

5 types of chromalveolates

A
  • diatoms
  • dinoflagellates
  • brown algae
  • water molds
  • ciliates
2
Q

2 types of rhizarians

A
  • foraminiferans

- radiolorians

3
Q

2 types of unikonts

A
  • plasmodial slime molds

- cellular slime molds

4
Q

2 types of archeaplastids

A
  • red algae

- green algae

5
Q

Diatoms

A

unicellular, glassy cell wall containing silica, autotrophic protist

6
Q

Diatoms cell wall consists of ..

A

two halves that fit together like the top and bottom of a shoe box

7
Q

Diatoms found in..

A

marine AND freshwater environments

8
Q

The organic molecules diatoms produce are an important..

A

food source in all aquatic environments

9
Q

Food from diatoms are stored in the form of

A

oil and sugar droplets

10
Q

The advantage of diatoms oil droplets is two fold

A
  • rich source of energy

- oil makes diatoms buoyant and keeps them floating near the surface of water where sunlight is

11
Q

Fossilized diatoms form..

A

sediment of the diatomaceious earth

12
Q

Dinoflagellates commonly found on

A

marine and freshwater plankton

13
Q

Dinoflagellates are either..

A
  • autotrophs
  • heterotrophs
  • mixotrophic
14
Q

Dinoflagellates blooms can cause.. and produces..

A
  • warm coastal waters to turn a pinkish orange (called red tide)
  • produce toxins which have killed large quantities of fish
15
Q

Brown algae

A

large and complex, multicellular, autotrophic, brown color due to pigments in chloroplasts, most marine

16
Q

Brown algae is what we commonly call..

A

seaweed

17
Q

Water moulds

A

heterotrophic and unicellular, fungus like, decompose dead plants and animals in freshwater habitats

18
Q

Sometimes parasitic water moulds grow on,..

A

the skin and gills of fish

19
Q

Ciliates

A

large and diverse group, use cilia for movement (swim/crawl) and feeding, unicellular, heterotrophs and mixotrophs (ex: paramecium)

20
Q

Plasmodium

A

also a chromalveolates, causative agents of malaria transmitted by mosquitos

21
Q

Rhizarians referred to as..

A

amoebas

22
Q

Rhizarians

A

protists that mover and feed using pseudopodia, are different than those of other amoebas because they’re threadlike

23
Q

Alternative amoebas have..

A

lobe like pseudopodia

24
Q

Foraminiferends

A

found in ocean and freshwater. have tests, pseudopodia extend through small holes of the tests

25
Q

Tests

A

porous shells composed of organic material hardened by calcium carbonate

26
Q

Pseudopodia

A

used for feeding and movements, fossilized tests form sedimentary rock

27
Q

Radiolarians

A

produce an internal skeleton made of silk, surrounded by a test made of organic material, mostly marine

28
Q

What happens to radiolarians when they die

A

settle to the bottom of the ocean and become sediments

29
Q

Excavata

A

autotrophic, heterotropic, and mixotrophic protists. represent the most ancient surviving lineage of eukaryotes.

30
Q

Excavata have a modified..

A

mitochondria so no electron transport chain.

31
Q

How excavata produce ATP

A

anaerobic, use of glycolysis and other pthways

32
Q

Example of excavata

A

Giardia intestinalis, waterborne parasite causing servere diarrhea

33
Q

Parasites..

A

derive nutrition from their host harming the host in the process

34
Q

Sexually transmitted parasite belonging to excavata

A

trichomonas vaginalis

35
Q

Trypanasoma spp.

A

excavata. parasites that can be passed to humans via insect bites (african sleeping sickness spread by tsetse fly)

36
Q

Euglena spp.

A

excavata. common inhabitants of pond water

37
Q

Unikonts

A

use pseudopodia (temporary lobe like extensions of cell) to move and feed

38
Q

Unikonts group includes

A

free living amoebas, some parasitic amoebas, plasmodial slime molds, and cellular slime molds

39
Q

Plasmodial slime molds

A

commonly found where there is moist decaying organic matter. often bright pigment. engulfs food by phagocytosis

40
Q

What plasmodium means

A

not multicellular, single multinucleate mass of cytoplasm, undivided by plasma membranes (different than plasmodium that causes malaria)

41
Q

Plasmodial extends pseudopodia through

A

soil and rotting logs

42
Q

How cytoplasm moves through plasmodia slime mold

A

cytoplasm moves through fine channels in one direction and then the opposite, these pulsing flows help to distribute nutrients and oxygen

43
Q

When food and water are limited the plasmodium mold..

A

stops growing and differentiates into reproductive structures that produce spores

44
Q

When conditions for the plasmodium mols become favourable the spores..

A

release haploid cells that fuse to a zygote allowing the life cycle to continue

45
Q

Cellular slime molds common on

A

rotting logs and decaying organic matter

46
Q

Cellular slime mols usually exist as

A

solo amoeboid cells and when nutrients are scare they swarm together forming a slug like clump of cells that travels for a short period

47
Q

When some of the cellular slime mold cells dry up..

A

they form stalk and the stalk supports asexual reproductive structure where cells develop spores

48
Q

Archaeplastids

A

mainly autotrophic, red algae, green algae, and land plants

49
Q

Red algae

A

live in warm coastal waters of the tropics, multicellular, usually soft bodied although some have cell walls with chalky deposits (commonly found in coral reefs)

50
Q

Red algae red because

A

extra pigment that masks the green chlorophyll

51
Q

Green algae

A

unicellular, colonial, multicellular members. generally complex life cycles

52
Q

Life cycle of green algae (multicellular Ulva)

A

characterized by an alternation of generations, multicellular diploid form 2n alternates with multicellular haploid n form. this alternation occurs in multicellular algae and plants

53
Q

Gametophytes

A

multicellular haploid form

54
Q

Sporophytes

A

multicellular diploid form

55
Q

1st step of evolution of multicellularity

A

ancestral colony of flagellated protists may have formed. a cell divided and offspring remained attached to another

56
Q

2nd step of evolution of multicellularity

A

cells of the colony may have become slightly specialized and interdependent. different cell types became more and more efficient at performing certain tasks

57
Q

3rd step of evolution of multicellularity

A

additional specialization may have led to a differentiation in between sex cells and non reproductive cells