Lecture 7 Temperature Controls and Distribution

Question 1

The ______ quantifies the enhanced rate at which body heat is lost to the air.

Answer 1

Wind chill factor

Question 2

______ is a measure of the average kinetic energy of individual molecules in matter.

Answer 2

Temperature

Question 3

______ is used to record air temperature which is 1.3 -1.5 m off the ground

Answer 3

Stevenson Screen

Question 4

True or False: At climate stations, we typically record the highest and minimum temperature that occur
every 24 hours, and calculate the daily mean by averaging the two values.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

True or False: The temperature range is greatest at high latitudes

Answer 5

True

Question 6

True or False: Low latitude and high elevation can still provide favorable crop growth.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

True or False: The result is that average air temperatures are lower, nighttime cooling is greater, and the temperature range between day and night is greater than at low elevations.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

The _______ seen on mountain slopes is the lower limit of permanent snow and indicates where winter snowfall exceeds the amount of snow lost through summer melting and evaporation.

Answer 8

snowline

Question 9

True or False: Low elevation = warmer region.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

True or False: In the evening hours, the surface cools as outgoing longwave radiation is emitted from the
surface and Q* becomes more negative.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

_______ are the most variable factor influencing Earth’s radiation budget,

Answer 11

Clouds

Question 12

when light reaches a body of water, it penetrates the surface because of water’s _______ —water is clear, and light passes through it to an average depth of 60 m in the ocean.

Answer 12

transparency

Question 13

Amount of heat required to raise 1 gram of a substance by 1oC at sea level
atmospheric pressure is _______

Answer 13

specific heat

Question 14

True or False: the specific heat of water is about four times that of soil.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

True or False: convection currents in water bodies distribute heat more evenly than in land

Answer 15

True

Question 16

A marine or ______is moderated by proximity to a large water body.

Answer 16

maritime climate

Question 17

A _______ is one that is not influenced by the moderating effect of large water
bodies.

Answer 17

continental climate

Question 18

True or False: maritime climate has more fluctuation,.

Answer 18

false, continental climate

Question 19

Type, height, and density of cloud influences temperature through controls on ______and
longwave radiation

Answer 19

albedo

Question 20

True or False: There is a cooling effect if the clouds are low level (low altitude) and conditions are
consistently overcast, while night time cloudiness alone (and thin high cloud), has a
warming effect on climate.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

True or False: In January, the warmest temperatures are in continental areas of the southern hemisphere and we
see cold temperatures in the continental northern hemisphere.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

In July, isotherms bend ______ and in january isotherms bend _______

Answer 22

poleword, to equator

Question 23

The ______ is an isotherm connecting all points of highest mean temperature, roughly 27°C; it trends southward into the interior of South America and Africa, indicating higher temperatures over the interiors of landmasses.

Answer 23

thermal equator

Question 24

Maximum range is in eastern Siberia and NW Canada

because of:

Answer 24

• continental climates

- high latitudes (much variation in solar radiation during year)

Question 25

Minimum range is in the equatorial regions

because of:

Answer 25

• predominance of marine (maritime) climates

- low latitude (little variation in solar radiation during year)