Lecture 7: Asthma Flashcards Preview

CPR-2 > Lecture 7: Asthma > Flashcards

Flashcards in Lecture 7: Asthma Deck (18)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Asthma is characterized by a limitation of airflow on which clinical tests?

A
  • PFT

or

  • Positive bronch-provocation challenge (i.e., methacholine challenge)
2
Q

What are the walls of the airway like in an asthmatic and what occurs to the airway during an asthmatic attack?

A
  • Walls = inflammed and thickened
  • During attack = tightened smooth ms.
3
Q

What is the strongest predisposing factor to asthma?

A

Atopy

4
Q

What is difference in terms of airflow limitation reversibility in asthma vs. COPD?

A
  • Asthma = reversible
  • COPD = partially reversible; may be irreversible w/ significant disease
5
Q

What time of the day do sx’s of asthma typically worsen?

A

Occur/worsen at night (often awaken pt)

6
Q

What is this flow-volume curve indicative of?

A

Vocal cord dysfunctions

7
Q

What is this flow-volume curve indicative of?

A

Asthma

8
Q

What do the curves of A-C represent?

A

A) Normal

B) Obstructive (i.e., asthma or COPD)

C) Restrictive

9
Q

What are 2 classes of drugs which are great for long-term control of asthma?

A
  • Inhaled corticosteroids
  • Leukotriene modifiers (i.e., montelukast, zafirlukast, zileuton)
10
Q

Which RR and HR is a sign of imminent respiratory arrest?

A
  • RR = >30/minute
  • HR = bradycardia
11
Q

What are the criteria for days per week w/ sx’s, nighttime awakenings, use of SABA for sx control, and interference with normal activity for asthma to be classfied as intermittent?

A
  • Sx’s = ≤2 days/week
  • Nighttime awakenings = ≤2x/month
  • Use of SABA for sx’s = ≤2 days/week
  • NO interference w/ normal activity
12
Q

Moving from the intermittent category of asthma to the persistent category is an indication for the use of what?

A

Long-term preventative medicine such as ICS

13
Q

How many exacerbations of a pt’s asthma requiring oral systemic corticosteroids per year places them in the intermittent vs. persistent classification?

A
  • 0-1/year = intermittent
  • ≥2/year = persistent
14
Q

Pts who had ≥2 exacerbations requiring oral systemic glucocorticoids in the past year may be considered the same as patients who have what classification of asthma; even in the absence of what?

A

Persistent asthma.. even in the absence of impairment levels consistent with persistent asthma

15
Q

What is the initial at home tx for an asthma attack?

A

Inhaled SABA (i.e., albuterol)

16
Q

If pt has sx’s >2 days per week, which classification of asthma do they have?

A

Persistent

17
Q

What 4 things should you educate a patient on after starting them on medication for asthma?

A
  • Treatment goals
  • Inhaler technique
  • Elimination of triggers
  • Asthma action plan
18
Q

What are the 3 treatments use in combo for pt having exacerbation of their asthma (aka asthma attack)?

A
  • SABA (i.e., albuterol)
  • Oxygen
  • Oral corticosteroids