Lecture 7 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lecture 7 Deck (20)
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1
Q

Are all goblet cells glands?

A

No, only the ones in the respiratory and intestine that secrete onto a surface

2
Q

Where are the parotid glands located?

A

Below and in front of the ear and the side of the mouth

3
Q

How are parotid glands controlled?

A

Parasympathetically, dry mouth when stressed.

Enclosed in a fibrous capsule, swelling of the gland therefore produces pain in parotitis

4
Q

What are the secretions of the various glands like?

A

Parotid- totally serous
Submandibular- mostly serous partly mucus
Sublingual- almost all mucus

5
Q

What is the largest exocrine gland?

A

The liver

6
Q

What is the appearance of the liver in cirrhosis?

A

Hard

7
Q

How does that hepatic portal vein work?

A

Artery brings blood to GI tract and breaks into capillaries. Then leaves and forms hepatic portal vein to liver where it breaks into capillaries again.

8
Q

How does blood get to the liver?

A

75% through the hepatic portal vein and 25% directly from the heart through the hepatic artery. These come together then and travel through the sinusoids.

9
Q

What is a sinusoid?

A

An irregularly shaped tube through which blood passes.

10
Q

What is a liver lobule?

A

Building block of liver matter consisting of a portal triad, hepatocytes and a central vein. It is hexagonal nd six sided

11
Q

What is a liver acinus?

A

Functional unit of the liver. A portal triad and surrounding cells.

12
Q

What are kupffer cells?

A

Specialised macrophages that form part of the sinusoidal lining. If spleen removed these cells take over role of removing aged erythrocytes.

13
Q

Why are stellate cells clinically important?

A

They store vitamin A. In liver cirrhosis they lose the ability to store vitamin A and become myofibroblasts which lay down collagen and cause liver fibrosis

14
Q

Liver storage function?

A

Lipid soluble vitamins like A, D, B12 and K
Glycogen
Copper
Iron

15
Q

Liver anabolism function?

A

Plasma proteins like albumin
Enzymes
Amino acids
Lipoproteins

16
Q

Liver catabolism function?

A

Drugs
Hormones
Haemoglobin
Toxins

17
Q

Other liver functions?

A

Bile production
Modifies hormones
Makes hormones like angiotensinogen
Filters blood debris

18
Q

What type of cells are hepatocytes?

A

Epithelial cells

19
Q

What is the function of bile?

A

To emulsify fats and aid vitamin K absorption from the small intestine

20
Q

What makes the liver unusual when compared with the pancreas?

A

The sae cell performs both the exocrine and endocrine function- hepatocytes