lecture 6- part: language Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in lecture 6- part: language Deck (17)
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1
Q

communication

A

-information exchange through common system of signs/ symbols/ behavior

2
Q

pragmatics

A

-addresses difference between literal and intended meaning of speech in real-world settings

3
Q

objectives of languages

A

1) content (information, threat, command..)
2) relationship type
- > dominance (boss-employee)
- > communality (friends, family)
- > reciprocity (buyer-seller)

4
Q

figurative language

A

-combining certain content together with relationship type

5
Q

direct speech

A
  • relies on mutual knowledge
  • lets have sex -> yes/no
  • risking prior relationship
6
Q

indirect speech

A
  • relies individual knowledge
  • would you like to watch a movie together? -> yes/no
  • no risk to prior relationship
7
Q

high context cultures

A
  • asia
  • more indirect speech
  • widely shared information/knowledge
  • > no need for explicitness
8
Q

low context cultures

A
  • us
  • more direct speech
  • historical barely shared information/ knowledge
9
Q
  • sapir-whorf hypothesis

- linguistic relativism

A
  • strong version-> language determines thought

- weak version -> language influences thought

10
Q

supporting evidence for sapir-whorf hypothesis

A
  • metaphors help to make abstract concepts more concrete
  • article with different metaphors (crime as virus/beast)
  • > reaction to articles were different depending on the metaphor used
  • virus ->
  • beast -> fighting back etc
11
Q

supporting evidence- artciles

A
  • die brücke ( female)
  • > beautiful, fragile, elegant
  • el puente
  • > strong, male, dangerous
12
Q

evidence - directional system

A

-relative directions vs cardinal reactions

-

13
Q

evidence - counting

A
  • strong whorfian hypothesis
  • in brazil: some people who have no numbers
  • > even after months of training, barely numerical understanding
  • > no words for numbers -> no understanding of numbers
14
Q

universalism

A
  • thought is basis
  • > language follows
  • Steven pinker -> thoughts as pictures, sensations etc.
15
Q

universalism

A
  • thought is basis
  • > language follows
  • Steven pinker -> thoughts as pictures, sensations etc.
16
Q

evidence - universalism - perception

A
  • no word # not perceiving (e.g. snow, color matching)
  • making up new words
  • > perception of differences in stimuli are not restricted by lack of words to them
17
Q

evidence - universalism - thinking infants

A
  • rod behind block

- not able to speak, but able to make predictions about world