Lecture 5 - Hormones and Exercise Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lecture 5 - Hormones and Exercise Deck (19)
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1
Q

What are the metabolic actions of insulin?

A

Increases muscle glucose uptake

Activates glycogen synthase

Inhibits liver glucose production

Inhibits Lipolysis

2
Q

What are the metabolic actions of glucagon?

A

Stimulates liver glycogenolysis

Increases activity of gluconeogensis enzymes in liver

stimulates lipolysis

3
Q

plasma insulin levels ___ during exercise

A

fall

4
Q

glucagon really responds to a fall in ____

A

Glucose

5
Q

Increases in sympathetic activity during exercise inhibits…

A

the release of insulin from the pancreas

6
Q

A single bout of exercise increases insulin…

A

sensitivity

7
Q

Glycogen synthase…

A

promotes the storage of glucose as glycogen

8
Q

What are the effects of training on distal insulin signalling

A

Greater insulin response when trained

increase in GLUT 4 expression

increase in Hexokinase, glycogen synthase - glucose metabolism up

muscle oxidative capacity

increase in muscle blood flow - vasodilation is higher in trained state

increase incapillary density / recruitment - more of them

(there will be higher muscle glycogen levels at rest because of these adaptations)

9
Q

What are the metabolic actions of adrenaline:

A

Increases muscle glycogenolysis (beta2 receptor)

Enhanced liver glucose output (not sure which receptor)

Stimulates lipolysis (beta1 + beta2 ?)

10
Q

An increase in the plasma levels of adrenaline is a sign of…

A

exercise intensity - not all of the adrenaline is re-uptaked

reflects the increase sympathetic nerve activity

11
Q

Sympathetic impact on the adrenal medulla causes…

A

release of adrenaline

12
Q

The longer the duration of exercise the more progressive rise in …

A

adrenaline

13
Q

What are the situations in which Sympathoadrenal activity increase?

A

increases in exercise intensity

increases over time, at a given intensity

14
Q

Why does Sympathoadrenal activity increase over time?

A

you get hotter, blood glucose goes down all of which activates it

15
Q

What are the metabolic actions of cortisol?

A

Decreases muscle glucose uptake

Increases muscle proteolysis (breakdown)

Increases gluconeogenesis and liver glycogen synthesis

Increases lipolysis

16
Q

cortisol can be an indicator of…

A

over-training

17
Q

What are the metabolic actions of growth hormone in exercise?

A

Increases production of IGF (insulin growth factors - effects connective tissue formulation)

Decreases muscle glucose uptake (spares it for the brain)

Increases gluconeogenesis

Increases lipolysis

Increases AA uptake and protein synthesis

18
Q

How do working muscles and motor CNS centers send impulses to regulate hormonal response to exercise?

Which hormones are release?

A

There is an increase in sympathoadrenal activity
(decrease insulin, increases renin/gastrin)

Hormones: GH, ACTH, PRK, TSH released (from pituitary)

19
Q

Myokines are released from …

A

contracting muscle - acts as an endocrine organ

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