lecture 4 Flashcards Preview

psychology of context > lecture 4 > Flashcards

Flashcards in lecture 4 Deck (27)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

behaviourism

A

only study things that are observable and therefore measurable

2
Q

ivan pavlov

A

classical conditioning
learning through association between an environmental and naturally occurring stimuli
conditioned dogs to salivate when a bell rings

3
Q

thorndike

A

focused on the acquisition of behaviour

looked at how cats escape from a puzzle box

4
Q

law of effect

A

behaviour depends on consequence

5
Q

j.b Watson

A

founder of behaviourism
believed that knowledge should be used on observable behaviour
did not like introspection
be believed conditioned learning could account for all kinds of behaviour

6
Q

little Albert

A

conditioned to fear white lab rat

7
Q

bf skinner

A

operant conditioning
learning is an active process
behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences

8
Q

behaviour which is reinforced

A

tends to be strengthened

9
Q

behaviour which is not reinforced

A

tends to be weakened

10
Q

positive reinforcement

A

occurs when behaviour produces a consequence- that is satisfying/ pleasant

11
Q

negative reinforcement

A

when something unpleasant is removed to avoid something unpleasant

12
Q

punishment

A

behaviour is less likely to occur / weaken the response because of the negative consequence

13
Q

disadvantages of behaviourism

A

behaviour often shows purpose eg - rats will learn the shortest routes not the one that has been most reinforced
animals often show instinctive drift back to their original behaviours
evolutionary constraints on what is learned
much of human experience is unobservable
cannot explain language

14
Q

cognitive revolution

A

removing the mind

15
Q

models

A

analogies of the mind and how it works

16
Q

complex processes intervene between stimuli and responses

A

inferring central mental processes from observable behaviour

17
Q

cognition

A

way in which info is processed and manipulated in remembering , thinking and knowing

18
Q

computer analogy

A

computers have some kind of input - it has a hardware which has memory / operations , this then creates an output

19
Q

miller

A

magic number 7 plus or minus 2

chunking- breaking into manageable parts

20
Q

bruner

A

aims to discover and describe the meanings that humans created out of their encounters with the world

21
Q

newell and Simon

A

information processing

thinking like computers

22
Q

psycholinguistics

A

behaviourism cannot explain language
Chomsky - children learning to speak just don’t have enough info to perform complex speech - we have a language acquisition device - inborn structures - gives us the ability to organise info

23
Q

stroop test

A

we cannot ignore things even if we try

human consciousness is flexible but sensitive to meaning

24
Q

free will

A

we have control of our actions

libels experiments - does intention follow brain activity rather than lead it

25
Q

conclusion of libet study

A

brain activity preceded the actual feeling of pressing the button

26
Q

artificial intelligence e

A

computer metaphor

27
Q

role of artificial intelligence in the cognitive revolution

A

by studying and developing successful situations in AI it becomes possible to make testable influences about human mental processing