Lecture 4 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lecture 4 Deck (16)
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0
Q

The four mechanisms of cellular communication (ligand types) are…

A

Direct contact
Paracrine signaling (autocrine signaling)
Endocrine signaling
Synaptic signaling

1
Q

In cell communication, a __________ is a signaling molecule and a __________ is a molecule to which the receptor binds.

A

Ligand

Receptor Protein

2
Q

During direct contact…

A

Molecules are on the cell surface, cell communicate with each other in gap junctions, and they undergo early development

3
Q

In Paracrine signaling…

A

Coordinates clusters of cells

Development and immune system

4
Q

Endocrine = __________

A

Hormonal

5
Q

In endocrine signaling…

A

Hormones travel through circulatory system
Affect cells through whole organism
Animals and plants

6
Q

In synaptic signaling…

A

Nerve cells release neurotransmitter (ligand)
Crosses synapses
Animals

7
Q

__________ is the response of the cell to a signal.

A

Signal transduction

8
Q

True or false? Different cell types can respond differently to the same signal.

A

True

9
Q

The ability of different cells to respond differently to the same ligand is particularly important for __________.

A

Endocrine signaling

10
Q

The two types of cell receptors are…

A
Cell surface (membrane) receptors
Intracellular receptors
11
Q

What are the three ways a cell surface receptor can respond?

A
Chemically gated ion channels
Enzymatic receptors (protein kinases)
G protein-coupled receptors (bound to GTP)
12
Q

_________ is the addition of a phosphate group.

A

Phosphorylation

13
Q

__________ adds a phosphate while __________ removes a phosphate.

A

Kinase

Phosphatase

14
Q

Phosphorylation changes __________ activity (activation or inhibition).

A

Protein

15
Q

In Receptor Tyrosine Kinasis:

A

The structure:

  • single transmembrane domain
  • extra cellular ligand-binding domain
  • intracellular kinase domain

Dimerize and Autophosphorylate