The four mechanisms of cellular communication (ligand types) are…
Direct contact
Paracrine signaling (autocrine signaling)
Endocrine signaling
Synaptic signaling
In cell communication, a __________ is a signaling molecule and a __________ is a molecule to which the receptor binds.
Ligand
Receptor Protein
During direct contact…
Molecules are on the cell surface, cell communicate with each other in gap junctions, and they undergo early development
In Paracrine signaling…
Coordinates clusters of cells
Development and immune system
Endocrine = __________
Hormonal
In endocrine signaling…
Hormones travel through circulatory system
Affect cells through whole organism
Animals and plants
In synaptic signaling…
Nerve cells release neurotransmitter (ligand)
Crosses synapses
Animals
__________ is the response of the cell to a signal.
Signal transduction
True or false? Different cell types can respond differently to the same signal.
True
The ability of different cells to respond differently to the same ligand is particularly important for __________.
Endocrine signaling
The two types of cell receptors are…
Cell surface (membrane) receptors Intracellular receptors
What are the three ways a cell surface receptor can respond?
Chemically gated ion channels Enzymatic receptors (protein kinases) G protein-coupled receptors (bound to GTP)
_________ is the addition of a phosphate group.
Phosphorylation
__________ adds a phosphate while __________ removes a phosphate.
Kinase
Phosphatase
Phosphorylation changes __________ activity (activation or inhibition).
Protein
In Receptor Tyrosine Kinasis:
The structure:
- single transmembrane domain
- extra cellular ligand-binding domain
- intracellular kinase domain
Dimerize and Autophosphorylate