In glycolysis, __________ glucose and __________ pyruvate are involved.
1
2
The four stages of the oxidation of glucose are:
Glycolysis
Pyruvate oxidation
Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis
Glycolysis is a __________ step biochemical pathway.
10
Glycolysis occurs in the __________.
Cytoplasm
Glycolysis has a net production of __________ ATP molecules (substrate-level phosphorylation).
2
Glycolysis gets __________ NADH from reduction of NAD^+.
2
Cells use ATP to drive __________ reactions.
Endergonic
Two mechanisms for ATP synthesis are :
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation is when…
Phosphate is transferred directly to ADP.
With oxygen, pyruvate is oxidized in mitochondria by pyruvate dehydrogenase in __________.
Eukaryotes
With oxygen, pyruvate is oxidized on the plasma membrane in __________.
Prokaryotes
Products of pyruvate:
Pyruvate + NAD^+ + CoA —> CO_2 + Acetyl-CoA + NADH
The __________ oxidizes the Acetyl group on CoA.
Krebs Cycle
The Krebs Cycle occurs in the __________ of the mitochondria.
Matrix
Three stages if the Krebs Cycle:
Acetyl CoA + oxaloacetate —> citrate + CoA
Citrate rearrangement and decarboxylation
Regeneration of oxaloacetate
In the Krebs cycle, for each Acetyl-CoA…
2 CO_2 are released 3 NAD^+ are reduced to 3 NADH 1 FAD is reduced to FADH_2 1 ATP is produced Oxaloacetate and CoA are regenerated
Glucose is oxidized to…
6 CO_2, 4 ATP, 10 NADH, and 2 FADH_2
Electron transfer released __________ kcal/mol of energy gradually and used for ATP.
53
True or False? When pyruvate is oxidized, ATP is generated.
False. Carbon dioxide is released, NADH is generated and Acetyl CoA is generated.
What happens as Acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs Cycle?
Citrate is generated
What happens last after Acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs cycle?
FADH_2 is generated