Lecture 32 Nutrition in Health and Disease Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lecture 32 Nutrition in Health and Disease Deck (28)
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1
Q

Define diet

A

Sum total of all foods ingested

2
Q

Define nutrients

A

chemically defined compounds required by the body

3
Q

What informs food choices

A

 Likes
 Dislikes
 Religious and ethical considerations
 Social and psychological components

4
Q

How do you measure the basal metabolic rate

A

 Can be measured by direct calorimetry
Usually calculated
 Depends on lean body mass
 Schofield or Harris Benedict, Henry equations
 Various adjustment factors for activity and illness

5
Q

What does nutritional failure mean

A

o Failure to meet the nutritional requirements of the individual

6
Q

What is the result of nutritional failure

A

o Development of deficiencies
o [Weight loss]
o Or Excess
o [Obesity]

7
Q

What are the 2 types of malnutrition

A

Marasmus

Kwashiorkor

8
Q

What is Marasmus

A

Body wasting

Protein calorie malnutrition

9
Q

What is Kwashiorkor

A

Swelling of the abdomen

Protein calorie malnutrition with an acute or chronic inflammatory component due to lead capillaries and fluid retention

10
Q

Define Obesity

A

• A state of nutrition in which a deficiency or excess (or imbalance) of energy, protein, and other nutrients, causes measurable adverse effects on tissue / body form, (body size, shape, composition) body function and clinical outcome.

11
Q

What BMI is defined as overweight

A

> 25

12
Q

What BMI is considered obese

A

> 30

13
Q

What metabolic syndromes can obesity cause

A
Hypertension
CV disease
Type II diabetes
Fatty Liver
NASH
Cirrhosis
14
Q

What cancers are linked to obesity

A

Breast and Bowel

15
Q

What BMI is considered underweight

A

<20

16
Q

What BMI is considered Physical impairment

A

<18

17
Q

What BMI is considered an increasingly severe consequences

A

<16

18
Q

What is used to screen for undernutrition

A

Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool

19
Q

What is step 1 of MUST

A
  • Height
  • Weight
  • BMI
  • If < 20 Score 1
  • If < 18 Score 2
20
Q

What is step 2 of MUST

A

 Have you lost weight unintentionally in the last 3 – 6 months?
 Yes – 10% Score 2
 No – 5% Score 1

21
Q

What is step 3 of MUST

A

 Has the patient eaten in the last 5 days

 No – Score 2

22
Q

What does a MUST score over 0, 1, 2 suggest

A

suggests a risk of undernutrition
 Score 1: supplements and watch
 Score 0: Monitor

23
Q

What does malnutrition associate with

A
  • Illness
  • Social isolation
  • Age
  • Socially vulnerable groups
24
Q

Clinical consequences of Malnutrition

A
o	Impaired immune response
o	Reduced muscle strength
o	Impaired wound healing
o	Impaired psycho-social function
o	Impaired recovery from illness and surgery
o	Poorer clinical outcomes
25
Q

What are the 3 causes of Undernutrition

A

Appetite failure
Access failure
Intestinal failure

26
Q

Examples of appetite failure

A

anorexia nervosa, disease related

27
Q

Examples of Access failure

A

teeth, stroke, cancer of head and neck, head injury

28
Q

Describe intestinal failure

A

Reduction in the functioning gut mass below the minimal amount necessary for adequate digestion and absorption of nutrients

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