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BISC 120 > Lecture 31 - Invertebrates II > Flashcards

Lecture 31 - Invertebrates II Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 characteristics of Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms)?

A
  1. No organs for specialized gas exchange
  2. Flat shape for diffusion of materials
  3. Fine branches for food distribution
  4. Flame cells help maintain osmotic balance
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2
Q

What are 4 classes of Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms)?

A
  1. Turbellaria
  2. Monogenea
  3. Trematoda
  4. Crestoda
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3
Q

2 characteristics of Turbellaria

A
  1. Mostly free-living flatworms

2. Ciliated body surface (i.e. planaria)

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4
Q

2 characteristics of Monogenea

A
  1. Marine and freshwater parasites

2. Parastize fish

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5
Q

3 characteristics of Trematoda

A
  1. Parasites
  2. Almost always lack vertebrates
  3. Most life cycles include intermediate hosts
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6
Q

What are the biggest parasites of humans?

A

tapeworms

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7
Q

Where do Phylum Rotifera inhabit?

A

-freshwater, ocean, damp soil

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8
Q

3 characteristics of Phylum Rotifera

A
  1. Smaller than most protists
  2. Truly multicellular
  3. Specialized organ systems
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9
Q

2 characteristics of Phylum Brachiopoda

A
  1. Lamp shells with dorsal valves

2. Brachiopods attach to substrate by stalks

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10
Q

Phylum Mollusca are notable for the increased complexity in _________

A

their body plan

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11
Q

What are 4 classes of molluscs?

A
  1. Polyplacophora (chitins)
  2. Gastropoda (snails, slugs)
  3. Bivalvia (clams, mussels, scallops, oysters)
  4. Cephalopoda (squids, octopuses, etc.)
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12
Q

2 characteristics of Polyplacophora (chitons)

A
  1. 8 dorsal plates

2. grazers (use radula to scrape algae)

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13
Q

What is a defining characteristic of Gastropoda?

A

-undergo torsion during development

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14
Q

2 characteristics of Bivalvia (clams, mussels etc.)

A
  1. Flattened shell closes R/L valves with adductor muscles

2. Filter feeders (eg clams, oysters, muscles etc.)

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15
Q

2 characteristics of Cephalopoda (squids, octopuses etc.)

A
  1. Reduced/absent internal shell

2. Use siphon to dart towards prey

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16
Q

What is the biggest invertebrate of them all?

A

architeuthis (giant squid)

17
Q

What are 3 classes of Phylum Annelida?

A
  1. Oligochaeta
  2. Polychaeta
  3. Hirudinea
18
Q

What are 4 characteristics of oligochaeta?

A
  1. Reduced head
  2. No parapodia
  3. Sparse chaetae (e.g. earthworm)
  4. Hermaphrodites, cross-fertilize
19
Q

2 characteristics of Polychaeta?

A
  1. Well-developed head

2. Parapodia with chaetae that work as gills, aid in locomotion

20
Q

4 characteristics of Hirudinea?

A
  1. Reduced coelom
  2. Absent chaetae
  3. Bloodsucking parasites
  4. Anterior/posterior suckers (e.g. leeches)
21
Q

What are Phylum Nematoda?

A

-Roundworms in most aquatic habitats, wet soil, most tissues of plants, body fluids/tissues of animals

22
Q

What are 3 characteristics of Phylum Nematoda?

A
  1. sexual reproducers
  2. complete digestive tract
  3. no circulatory system
23
Q

How do Phylum Nematoda move?

A

-longitudinal muscle contraction

24
Q

Phylum Nematoda are covered in _______

A

exoskeleton (the cuticle)

25
Q

What do Phylum Nematoda have a major role in?

A

decomposition

26
Q

3 major Arthropod features

A
  1. Exoskeleton made of layers of protein + chitin
  2. Open circulatory system
    - (Hemolymph circulated into spaces surrounding tissues and organs)
  3. Variety of organs specialized for gas exchange
27
Q

What are the 4 subphyla of Phylum Arthropod?

A
  1. Cheliceriformes
  2. Myriapoda
  3. Hexapoda
  4. Crustacea
28
Q

2 qualities of Subphylum Cheliceriformes

A
  1. Body has 1-2 main parts with 6 appendages (horseshoe crabs)
  2. Mostly terrestrial or marine
29
Q

2 qualities of Subphylum Myriapoda

A
  1. Head with antennae + chewing mouth parts (millipedes + centipedes)
  2. terrestrial
30
Q

3 qualities of Subphylum Hexapoda

A
  1. Body divided in head/thorax/abdomen present
  2. 3 pairs of legs + 2 pairs of wings (includes class insecta)
  3. mostly terrestrial
31
Q

3 qualities of Subphylum Crustacea

A

1 . Body with 2-3 parts + antennae + chewing mouthparts + 2-3 pairs of legs

  1. Mostly marine + freshwater
  2. (decapoda EX: crabs, lobsters, shrimps)
32
Q

What are 3 major effects of insects on the environment/other organisms?

A
  1. important natural + agricultural pollinators
  2. carriers for many diseases (EX: West Nile, malaria, African Sleeping Sickness)
  3. Competitors with humans for food + fiber
33
Q

Insects affect all other ________

A

terrestrial organisms

34
Q

_______ are the most diverse order of animals

A

beetles

35
Q

2 qualities of Phylum Echinodermata

A
  • invertebrate deuterstomes with bilateral larva + radial adults
  • sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins etc.

BISC 120 (33 decks)

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