Lecture 24: Obesity and Disease

Question 1

Define obesity and BMI.

Answer 1

Question 2

Recall disease associated with obesity.

Answer 2

Question 3

Describe proteins, fat, and carbohydrates.

Answer 3

Question 4

Differ between hypertrophy and hyperplasia in regards to adipocyte growth.

Answer 4

Question 5

Recall the distribution of fat stores.

Answer 5

Question 6

Describe the two types of adipose tissue.

Answer 6

Question 7

Describe WAT

Answer 7

Question 8

Recall secretory products of WAT.

Answer 8

Question 9

Recall the receptors of WAT.

Answer 9

Question 10

Adipose tissue serves as a ______________ following feeding. _____ are released from WAT when systemic energy needs are not being met. ________ are a predictor of future development of type 2 diabetes.

Answer 10

Adipose tissue serves as a buffer for FFA levels following feeding. FFA are released from WAT when systemic energy needs are not being met. FFA levels are a predictor of future development of type 2diabetes.

Question 11

Short-term regulation is governed by: ____________ (3)

Long-term regulation is governed by: _____________

Answer 11

Question 12

Recall Major Factors in hunger/Satiety & Energy Homeostasis

Answer 12

Question 13

Recall the energy balance regulatory circuitry,

Answer 13

Question 14

Recall the neurohumoral circuits in the hypothalamus regulating energy balance,

Answer 14

Question 15

Describe leptin.

Answer 15

Question 16

Describe adiponectin.

Answer 16

Question 17

Describe Peptide-YY.

Answer 17

Question 18

Describe ghrelin.

Answer 18

Question 19

Recall major adipokines relevant to obesity.

Answer 19

Question 20

Describe TNF-alpha.

Answer 20

Question 21

Describe IL-6 in terms of adipose tissue and obesity.

Answer 21

Question 22

Describe resistin.

Answer 22

Question 23

Recall clinical consequences of obesity.

Answer 23

Question 24

Recall the connection between obesity and inflammation.

Answer 24

Question 25

Resident macrophages switch from a _______ to an _____________ state in obese adipose tissue.

Answer 25

Resident macrophages switch from a ‘benign’ to ‘inflamed’state

Question 26

Recall the positive feedback loop between cancer cells and adipocytes.

Answer 26

Question 27

Role of the gut microbiome in obesity.

Answer 27

• Microbiota produces specific short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).
  
  • lower fat mass
  • increased insulin sensitivity
  • improved gut barrier function.
• Depending on the source of amino acids, gut microbiota can improve or alter metabolism.
  
  • Trimethylamine & Indole decreases hepatic inflammation
  • Imidazole propionate contributes to the onset of insulin resistance by blocking the insulin receptor signallingpathway.

Question 28

Recall the take-home messages from obesity lecture.

Answer 28