Lecture 20 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of loading

A

Axial
Bending
Shear

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2
Q

What comes under Axial

A

Compression

Tension

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3
Q

What comes under Bending

A

3 point bending

4 point bending

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4
Q

What comes under Shear

A

Direct

Torsion

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5
Q

What are the mechanical properties of how the body as a whole responds to loading

A

Strength

Deformation

Stiffness

Toughness

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6
Q

Strength within loading is

A

The largest load a body can withstand before failure

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7
Q

Deformation within loading is

A

A change in dimension

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8
Q

Loads and deformations are…

How

A

Related

A load causes a deformation

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9
Q

Stiffness within loading is

Also known as

A

Resistance to displacement or deformation

‘Rigidity’ of an object tissue or material

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10
Q

Compliance within loading is

A

Complement to stiffness

‘Pliability’ of an object tissue or materal

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11
Q

What is the equation for stiffness (k)

A

Change in load / change in deformation

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12
Q

What is the equation for compliance

A

Change in deformation / change in load

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13
Q

What is the simple equation for stiffness (k)

A

1 / compliance

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14
Q

When using a load displacement graph, how do you find the stiffness

This is expressed in what equation

A

Slope of graph

Change in load(force) / change in displacement(deformation)

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15
Q

Where is compression seen to occur

A

Shoe material

Skin

Fat pad

Cartilage

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16
Q

Where is tension seen to occur

A

Tendon

Muscle

Ligament

17
Q

What is joint stiffness

What is the equation

A

Joint angular displacement as a function of joint moment (torque)

Change in joint moment / change in joint angular displacement

18
Q

Limb stiffness is defined as

A

Cumulative effect of each joints angular stiffness (ankle, knee, hip joint stiffness)

Whole body center of mass (COM) displacement, in combination with vertical ground reaction force

19
Q

What two stiffness models are used for walking and running

A

Walking = inverted pendulum model

Running = Spring mass model