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Hygiene & Pathology > Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc > Flashcards

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc Flashcards

1
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

Most bacteria can be seen

A

under a microscope

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2
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

A few bacteria can be seen

A

electron microscope

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3
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

bacteria generally need ______ to thrive

A

water/moisture

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4
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

thrive means

A

grow and reproduce

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5
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

what is needed for bacteria to colonize

A

a lot of them

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6
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

what leads bacteria to becoming pathogenic

A

colonization

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7
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

how are bacteria names

A

Genus/species

underlined or bolded with Genus capitalized

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8
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

Some bacteria are part of

A

“normal flora”

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9
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

what relationship do we have with our GI tract flora

A

symbiotic

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10
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

If our GI tract flora in the wrong place what occurs

A

can cause disease

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11
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

some bacteria are strictly

A

pathogenic

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12
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

opportunistic bacteria are

A

ones that take advantage of our body when a barrier is broken (skin) or our defenses are low (immune disorders)

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13
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

how are bacteria named

A

shape

grouping

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14
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

shapes:
coccus
bacillus
vibrio
spirochete
spirillum
A 
meaning:
spherical
rod shaped
comma shaped
spiral
spiral
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15
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

grouping:
diplo
strepto
staphylo

A

meaning:
groups of two
chain
grapelike

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16
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

bacteria can be divided into ___ groups

A

2

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17
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

what are 2 groups of bacteria

A

Gram+

Gram -

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18
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

gram is

A

staining method

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19
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

gram+ appear

A

purple/blueish

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20
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

gram- appear

A

reddish

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21
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

_____ is a toxin released outside the bacteria

A

exotixin

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22
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

______ is a toxin found with the bacteria

A

endotoxin

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23
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

_____ occurs from toxins

A

hemolysis

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24
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

hemolysis is

A

toxin that breaks apart red blood cells

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25
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

halophilic

A

grows in salty places

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26
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

some bacteria have ______ which allows for greater mobility

A

flagella

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27
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

some bacteria have _______ which endures dry condisitons

A

endospores

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28
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

neisseria gonorrhoea

A

gonorrhea

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29
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

s. mutans

A

dental cavities

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30
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

v. cholerae

A

cholera

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31
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

borrelia bugdorferi

A

lyme disease

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32
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

bacillus anthracis

A

anthrax

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33
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

salmonella typhi

A

typhoid fever

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34
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

what does bacteria grow in on a petri dish

A

agar

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35
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

____ is how long a bacteria can survive on a table

A

shelf life

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36
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

bacteria prefer what food that they can “stick” to

A

protein

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37
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

curing protein with ____ will delay bacteria growth

A

salt

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38
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

bacteria can be killed by which metals

A

copper
zinc
mercury
silver

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39
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

what temp does bacteria prefer

A

moderate

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40
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

some bacteria _____ and become resistant to antibiotics. example

A

mutate

MRSA

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41
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

theories why bacteria mutate to resist antibiotics

A

incorrect/overuse of antibiotics

antibiotic cleaning product

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42
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

_____ refers to damaging a protein by changing its shape

A

denature

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43
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

bacteria reproduce by

A

pilus

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44
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

list of things that can denature a membrane

A 
acids/bases
high temperatures
alcohol
antibiotics
metals
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45
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

bacteria is located

A

everywhere

46
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

some bacteria prefer certain forms of

A

transmission

47
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

ways of transmission

A 
human contact
saliva
sexual contact
blood or thick body fluid
airborne
ingestion
inhalation
umbilical cord
milk
48
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

pathology may depend on

A

how the bacteria was transmitted

49
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

which transmittal form of anthrax is deadly

A

respriatory

50
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

are viruses “living”

A

no

51
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

why aren’t viruses living

A

can’t reproduce on their own

52
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

what do viruses need to reproduce

A

host cell

53
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

how are viruses visible

A

electron microscope

54
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

shapes of viruses

A

iscosahedral (epcot center)
helical
bullet
box

55
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

viruses contain

A

RNA or DNA

56
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

most viruses contain a ____ = a protein coat

A

capsid

57
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

Some viruses contain ________ for extra protection

A

envelope

58
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

_______ has to do with causing a sever pathology

A

virulency

59
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

there are ___ cycles of viral replication

A

2

60
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

what are 2 cycles of viral replications

A

lytic

lysongenic

61
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

lytic:

1.the ______ attaches to the _____ on host cell which allows DNA/RNA to enter cell

A

virus/key

receptor/lock

62
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

lytic:

2. _________ get incorporated into ______

A

viral DNA/RNA

cell

63
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

lytic:

3. Virus becomes __________

A

mass-produced

64
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

lytic:

4. New virus _______ host cell and host cell is ______

A

break open

lysed

65
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

lysogenic:

1.Repeats which steps of lysic

A

steps 1 and 2, 4

66
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

lysogenic:

2. The virus is not mass produced in this cycle. What triggers the DNA/RNA to become active and then produced

A

stress, low-immunity, etc

67
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

In lysogenic cycle virus DNA/RNA is _______ and the virus is not mass produced.

A

dormant/latent

68
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

Do viruses attach to all cells

A

no they have target cells

69
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

what is the notion that viruses go to certain areas initially and travel to another after

A

migration

70
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

the ____ family is an example of migration and affecting areas differently

A

Herpes

71
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

HHV means

A

Human Herpes Virus

72
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

HHV1

A

simplex - cold sores, etc

73
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

HHV2

A

complex - genital herpes

74
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

HHV3

A

Varicella - Zoster Virus (VZV) - chicken pox-shingles

75
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

HHV4

A

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) - mononucleiosis

76
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

HHV5

A

CMV another type of mononucleiosis

77
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

HHV6

A

may play a role in MS

cause a roseola in small children

78
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

the same virus can have different _______

A

pathologies

79
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

some fungi are ______ and ________

A

pathogenic

microscopic

80
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

fungi love

A

moisture

81
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

examples of fungi that love moisture

A

tineas (body ringworm, jock itch, athlete’s foot)

candida (thrush, “yeast” infection)

82
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

ingesting __________ can lead to sever GI pahtologies

A

poisonous mushrooms

83
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

_____ are highly contagious

A

arthropods

84
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

what is a massage therapist’s nightmare

A

arthropods

85
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

why are they our nightmare

A

left on sheets and pass onto other clients

86
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

arthropods have _____ legs

A

jointed

87
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

_______ are microscopic

A

mites

88
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

what is caused by mites

A

scabies

89
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

__________ and ______ are visible to naked eye

A

head and pubic lice

90
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

lice can ______, especially head louse

A

jump

91
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

lice can lead to

A

pediculosis (infestation)

92
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

______ are another class of pathogens

A

protozoa

93
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

what are protozoa

A

single celled organisms

94
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

do protozoa grow

A

sometimes

95
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

examples of pathologies from protozoa

A

toxoplasmosis

malaria

96
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

_____ are abnormal proteins

A

prions

97
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

when prions are ingested, the to to the ______ and change normal proteins to abnormal ones

A

brain

98
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

example of prion pathology

A

spongioform encephalitis (HSE) “mad cow disease”

99
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

when prions change the proteins it leaves _____ in the brain

A

holes

100
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

two types of bacteria

A

aerobic/anaerobic

101
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

what can anaerobic bacteria do

A

destroy tissue (gang green)

102
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

what is HIDE & SEEK

A

method of hygiene to prevent pathogen transmission

103
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

H

A

handwashing

104
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

I

A

immunization

105
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

D

A

Drug Safety

106
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

E

A

Eating Safely

107
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

S

A

Safe Personal Practices

108
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

E

A

Environment

109
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

E

A

Elderly (need extra care)

110
Q

Lecture - 2 - Microorganisms, Growth, Transmission, Etc

K

A

Kids (need extra care)

Hygiene & Pathology (8 decks)

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