Lecture 2 Earth and Map Projections

Question 1

What are the 4 spheres that make up the earth?

Answer 1

3 abiotic, 1 biotic

Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere, biosphere

Question 2

What percent of nitrogen makes up the Earth’s atmosphere?

Answer 2

78%

Question 3

______ is part of the lithosphere that covers the soil layer.

Answer 3

edaphosphere

Question 4

______ is science of measurement of the shape of the Earth and its magnetic field.

Answer 4

Geodesy

Question 5

True or False: The earth is a perfect sphere.

Answer 5

False, geoid, equator 12756 km, north to south pole 12714 km

Question 6

_____ is an angular distance north or south of the equator, measured from the centre of Earth

Answer 6

lattitude

Question 7

A line connecting all points along the same latitudinal angle is a ______.

Answer 7

Parallel

Question 8

True or False: Latitude is measured 180 degrees north and south of the equator.

Answer 8

False, 90 degrees

Question 9

True or False: Latitude is readily determined by observing fixed celestial objects such as the Sun or the stars, a method dating to ancient times.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

______ is an angular distance east or west of a point on Earth’s surface, measured from the centre of Earth

Answer 10

Longitude

Question 11

A line connecting all points along the same longitude is a ______.

Answer 11

Meridian

Question 12

Where would the greatest distance between meridians be located?

Answer 12

Equator

Question 13

A ______ is is any circle of Earth’s circumference whose centre coincides with the centre of Earth.

Answer 13

great circle

Question 14

True or False: Every meridian is one-half of a great circle that passes through the poles.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

All parallels other than the equator are known as ______.

Answer 15

Small circles

Question 16

Standard time zones are laid out in approximately ______ slices of longitude

Answer 16

15 degree

Question 17

True or False: Officially, you gain 1 day crossing the IDL from east to west.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

A ______ is a generalized view of an area, usually some portion of Earth’s surface, as seen from above and greatly reduced in size

Answer 18

map

Question 19

______ is the science and art of mapmaking, often blending aspects of geography, engineering, mathematics, computer science, and art.

Answer 19

Cartography

Question 20

The ratio of the image on a map to the real world is the map’s ______.

Answer 20

Scale

Question 21

True or False: The bigger the denominator, then bigger the scale.

Answer 21

False, the smaller the scale

Question 22

True or False: Small-scale maps show a greater area in less detail

Answer 22

True

Question 23

A ______ is the only true representation of distance, direction, area, shape, and proximity on Earth

Answer 23

Globe

Question 24

What is a map projection?

Answer 24

This reduction of the spherical Earth to a flat surface

Question 25

What classification is a mercator projection?

Answer 25

Cylindrical

Question 26

What classification is a gnomonic projection?

Answer 26

Planar (Zenithal)

Question 27

What classification is a Albers equal-area projection?

Answer 27

Conic

Question 28

True or False: The gnomonic projection is used to determine shortest rhumb line route

Answer 28

False, mercator does,

Gnomonic shows shortest great circle distance

Question 29

What are the 4 important properties of map projections?

Answer 29

1) Shape (conformal)
2) Area (equal area, equivalence)
3) Azimuth (true direction)
4) Equidistance (true distance)