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Flashcards in Lecture 2 - Development Deck (36)
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1
Q

Two types of globalisation processes what is hypermobility and and time space compression?

A

Hypermobility is of people, goods but also money

Time space compression is real and perceptible distances

2
Q

Global shrinkage is what?

A

the effect of changing transport technologies on ‘real’ distance (McHale, 1969)

3
Q

Globalisation implies what?

A

Change and uneveness

4
Q

Why does unevenness occour?

A

Processes – (post-Fordism)
Regimes of Accumulation – (capitalism creates but also copes with crisis)
Temporal

5
Q

What is Fordism?

A

economic production based around factories (18th-20th Century)

6
Q

What is post fordism?

A
Small-scale production
Economy of scope
Specialisation of job and product
ICT
Different focus on type of consumer
Service industries
Increased number of women in the workplace
7
Q

What are limits of globalisation?

A

the importance of the local

local-global oppositions (McGrew, 1992)

homogenisation vs. differentiation

centralisation vs. decentralisation

8
Q

How do we measure development?

A

Wealth, economic structure, diet, health, demographics, UN Human Development Index

9
Q

Human development index was cordianted by UN what does it measure?

A

Education
Life expectancy
Literacy
Standard of Living

10
Q

What is the Fisher-Clark Theory?

A

A theory of structural change

11
Q

Fisher-Clark proposed economies have how many stages of production?

A

3

12
Q

What is stage 1 of the Fisher Clark theory?

A

Primary production – extraction of raw materials through e.g. agric, fishing, forestry

13
Q

What is stage 2 of the Fisher-Clark theory?

A

Secondary production – industrial production through manufacturing and construction

14
Q

What is stage 3 of the Fisher-Clark theory?

A

Tertiary production – provision of services (economic maturity)

Assumes that demand for services grows with income

15
Q

There are 5 critiques of the Fisher-Clark model, what are they?

A
  • Not overtly spatial
  • Universalism of model there are no internal variations
  • Western fit of model
  • Assumes progressive development – in practice, some economies have leaped to service economy through e.g. tourism (The Gambia, Kenya, South Africa)
  • Contemporary variations of service economies – emergence of ‘quaternary service sector’
16
Q

The modernisation theory developed by who?

A

Walt Rostow (1960)

17
Q

How many stages did the modernisation theory discover and what were they about?

A

5 stages of economic growth…and identifies factors creating development/maturity

18
Q

5 stages of the modernisation theory. Number 1 is the traditional stage what is this?

A

The agriculture and hunter-gatherer stage - social structures dominated by family, clan or tribal groupings; pre nation state

19
Q

Number 2 of modernisation theory is Preconditions for take off, what is this?

A

Savings/investment rates above population growth rates, increased importance of the nation state, elite status not based on family or clan, changes are often triggered by external extrusion

20
Q

Number 3 of the modernisation theory is take off, what is this?

A

triggered by internal/external stimulus e.g political revolution. Higher rates of investment and saving, substantial manufacturing sector, banks and other intrusions in places

21
Q

Number 4 of the modernisation theory is drive to maturity, what is this?

A

Expansion of use and range in technology, growth of new economic sectors, investments/savings 10-20% of national income

22
Q

Number 5 of modernisation theory is age of high mass consumption, what is this?

A

Widespread consumption of durable consumer goods and services, increased spending on welfare services

23
Q

Dependency Theory was developed by who?

A

Andre Gunder Frank (1967)

24
Q

What are the bases of the dependency theory?

A

Nature of under-development
Established spatial power-relations
Development and under-development

25
Q

The dependency used Latin America as what?

A

As a model metropolis and satellites highlighting unequal power relationships

26
Q

There are 3 basic assumptions of the dependency theory, what are they?

A

(1) Poor nations provide raw materials for the rich states
(2) Rich states facilitate a system of dependency
(3) All attempts to get out of dependency are resisted by the rich states

27
Q

In context to the dependency theory, how does technology work?

A

The dominant countries have technological and industrial advantage, therefore they ensure economic system works in own self-interest

28
Q

In context tot he dependency the world is not what?

A

On a level playing field, the only way to move LEDCs from poverty cycles would be reform

29
Q

The dependency suggests 4 practical recommendations what are they?

A

Promotion of domestic industry
Import limitations
Forbid foreign investment
Nationalisation

30
Q

There are 4 critiques of the dependency theory, what are they?

A
  1. It assumes static spatial relationships, whereas power relations are fluid
  2. It is politically unrealistic
  3. Corruption can happen
  4. There is a lack of competition = inefficiency
31
Q

There are 7 critiques to Walt Rostows, modernisation theory, name 4 of the 7?

A
  1. Universalism of model
  2. Western fit of model
  3. Assumes linear progression
  4. ‘Myth’ of developmentalism
32
Q

There are 7 critiques to Walt Rostows, modernisation theory, name the final 3 of the 7?

A
  1. Inter-dependence of development
  2. Overlooks importance of power
  3. Fails to identify pre-conditions, hard to predict
33
Q

Conc: Patterns of globalisation are what?

A

Uneven

34
Q

Conc: Inequality could be what?

A

Transient

35
Q

Conc: Inequalities could be a

A

fixed relationship?

36
Q

Conc: The world system could be a…

A

changing system