Lecture 17 - Urine [ ] & Dilution Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lecture 17 - Urine [ ] & Dilution Deck (21)
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1
Q

What is the major function of the kidney?

A

To control ECF Osmolarity

2
Q

What segment is described by the following?

Active NaCl transport, highly permeable to water, permeable to NaCl and urea

A. PCT
B. Thin descending limb of LoH
C. Thin ascending limb of LoH
D. Thick ascending limb of LoH
E. DCT
F. Cortical collecting tubule
G. Medullary collecting duct
A

A. PCT

3
Q
Water excreted by kidneys when excess water exists. 
A. 10 L/day
B. 20 L/day
C. 30 L/day
D. 40 L/day
A

B. 20 L/day

4
Q

Region of the nephron impermeable to water under all circumstances.

A. PCT
B. Desc limb of Loop of Henle
C. Ascending limb of loop of Henle
D. Distal Convoluted Tubule

A

C. Ascending limb of loop of Henle

5
Q

The _______ has numerous NaCl transporters that utilize active transport.

A. PCT
B. Thin descending Loop
C. Thick ascending Loop
D. DCT

A

C. Thick ascending Loop

6
Q

Concentrated urine formation occurs in the _______ in the presence of ________.

A. Loop of Henle; ADH
B. Loop of Henle, PTH
C. DCT; ADH
D. DCT; PTH

A

C. DCT; ADH

ADH acts here to increase resorption of water. This results in an increase in urine Osmolarity. Osm=[solute]/[H2O]

7
Q

ADH regulates the reabsorption of water in the ______.

A

Distal convoluted tubule

8
Q

The thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle is impermeable to water. What does this do to the osmolarity of tubular fluid and how is this accomplished?

A

Becomes more dilute; the thick ascending limb sees many solutes being reabsorbed and no permeability to water (lowers osmolarity overall); ADH does not act here

9
Q

ADH acts upon the ______ causing water _____

A

DCT; reabsorption

10
Q

What is the maximum urine concentration possible?

a. 1000-1200 mOsm/L
b. 1200-1400 mOsm/L
c. 1400-1600 mOsm/L
d. 1500-1800 mOsm/L

A

B. 1200-1400 mOsm/L

11
Q

What is required for the formation of a concentrated urine?

A

1) Presence of ADH (allows for reabsorption of water at the DCT increasing tubular osmolarity)
2) High osmolarity of renal medullary interstitial tubule (allows for cross current multiplication)

12
Q

mOsm of solutes that must be excreted each day to maintain normal mOsm of blood.

A

600 mOsm/day

13
Q

Obligatory urine volume

A

0.5 L/day

14
Q

65% of filtered electrolytes are reabsorbed in the _______

A. PCT
B. DCT
C. Ascending Loop
D. Medullary collecting duct

A

A. PCT

15
Q

What regions of the nephron are highly permeable to water?

A

PCT; desc. loop of Henle

In the presence of ADH - late DCT and cortical collecting tubule

16
Q

Describe the countercurrent multiplier system:

A

1) Iso-osmotic fluid in the PCT
2) Active resorption of NaCl by the ascending loop of Henle increased interstitial fluid osmolarity
3) Increased osmolarity pulls water from the permeable descending loop of Henle
4) Fluid is “pushed” through the system, and continues steps 1-3 until the tubular fluid is highly [ ] in the Loop of Henle, and the DCT is hypotonic

17
Q

Urea is important in the establishment of interstitial osmolarity. Which regions of the nephron are impermeable to urea?

A

Cortical collecting tubule

18
Q

Urea permeability is determined by UT-A1 and UT-A3 receptor expression. These transporters are induced by what hormone? Where are these transporters located?

A

ADH; medullary collecting duct

19
Q

What other compound follows water out of the medullary collecting ducts?

A

Water; this causes a concentration of urine in the medullary collecting ducts, in the presence of ADH

*Note as to WHY this is important:

ADH will cause the late DCT to resorb water, which should concentrate the urine. Urea “pulls” water out of the medullar collecting ducts, which concentrates the urine further. *

20
Q

Increased osmolarity of ECF will cause the shrinking of ______.

A

Osmoreceptor cells in the anterior vicinity of 3rd ventricle (AV3V)

21
Q

Shrinkage of osmoreceptor cells in the hypothalamus results in release of ____ from what two regions?

A

ADH;
supraoptic nuclei;
paraventricular nuclei