Lecture 16: Body fluids and compartments Flashcards

1
Q

Things that can elevate osmolar gap

A
Ethanol
Methanol
Ethylene glycol
Acetone
Mannitol
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2
Q

Osmolar gap is

A

Difference between the measured osmolarity and the estimated osmolarity

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3
Q

Requirement for an indicator

A

Disperses evenly throughout compartment
Disperses only in compartment being measured
Not metabolized or excreted or toxic

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4
Q

Volume equation

A

Vol B= Vol A x Conc A / Conc B

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5
Q

Addition of isotonic saline to extracellular fluid

A

Extracellular osmolarity does not change

Extracellular volume increases

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6
Q

Addition of hypotonic saline to extracellular fluid

A

Volume in both increase

Osmolarity in both decrease

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7
Q

Renal cortex includes

A

Bowmans capsules

Proximal and distal convoluted tubules

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8
Q

Cortical nephrons glomeruli

A

Glomeruli are located in outer cortex and have short loops of henle

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9
Q

Juxtamedullary nephrons glomeruli

A

Glomeruli located deep in renal cortex near medulla and have long loops of henle

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10
Q

Juxtamedullary nephron arteriole

A

Long efferent arterioles associated with peritubular capillaries

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11
Q

Kidneys receive what percent of cardiac output

A

22%

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12
Q

Efferent arterioles help

A

Regulate hydrostatic pressure in both sets of capillaries

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13
Q

High hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries causes

A

Rapid fluid filtration

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14
Q

High hydrostatic pressure in peritubular capillaries causes

A

Rapid fluid reabsorption

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15
Q

Blood flow to kidney

A
Renal arteries
Interlobar arteries
Arcuate arteries
Interlobar arteries
Afferent arterioles
Glomerular capillaries
Efferent arterioles
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16
Q

Blood flow from kidney

A
Peritubular capillaries 
Interlobar veins
Arcuate veins
Interlobar veins
Renal veins