Lecture 16 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lecture 16 Deck (45)
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1
Q

What are the two general systems in animals (mating)?

A
  • In the first one, males are uninvolved. Here, females attend to mate genetic quality and male pre-copulatory gifts.
  • In the second one, males are involved. Here, females attend to male genetic quality and the male ability to assist in the rearing of the child.
2
Q

What is serial monogamy?

A

Exclusive sexual and romantic relationships which may be terminated and serialized. You will have one partner and only show-off one partner.

3
Q

What is extreme monogamy?

A

Extremely rare. Betrothal before reproductive age. No serialization. You know who you are with before you could initiate a relationship on your own.

4
Q

What is polygyny?

A

One male has exclusive sexual access to more than one female.

5
Q

What is polyandry?

A

One female has exclusive sexual partnerships with multiple males (very rare).

6
Q

When are there more polygynist culture than monogamy (animals)?

A

When the size difference between men and female was big.

7
Q

What is concealed ovulation?

A

We have concealed the visual aspect for women to show if they’re ready to get pregnant or not. Concealed ovulation changes the minimum time spent that men can impregnant their women.

8
Q

What is the relation between tipping lapdancers and being fertile?

A

One study showed that men tipped female lap-dancers much more when they are fertile.

9
Q

What are males jealous of?

A

Males are more concerned about sexual infidelity – because of paternity uncertainty. Males are not confident that they are the father of that child in the same way as women know that they are the mother.

10
Q

What are females jealous of?

A

Females are more concerned than males about emotional infidelity because they’re afraid of loss of co-parent.

11
Q

How do males and females try to preserve their pair-bonds?

A
  • People in relationships tend to ignore or devalue outside options.
  • Individuals more committed to current partners more likely to derogate potential alternative partners on range of characteristics.
  • Regulating yourself. Keeping your eyes on the price!
12
Q

What is “display of resources”?

A

The use of display of resources is a way to try to preserve partners interest used by men. Males do this more when partners are young and attractive.

13
Q

When is appearance enhancement used?

A

Females are more likely to engage in this than men. This engagement varies with characteristics of the potential partner.

14
Q

What is sociosexual orientation?

A

It accesses differences in the degree to one will have sex outside of a committed relationship. Restricted versus unrestricted.

15
Q

How much of sociosexuality is heritable?

A

Maybe around 50 % for both men and women.

16
Q

Which Big Five traits do unrestricted people tend to be lower in?

A

Agreeableness, conscientiousness and maybe neuroticism.

17
Q

Is the environmental influence unique or shared?

A

Unique. Aspects that are different within a family is the unique environmental influence.

18
Q

Are males more or less restricted than females in sociosexual orientation?

A

• Males have a less restricted sociosexual orientation than females. This is showed in the study where random people ask a random person if they want to go on a date, come to their place, or go to bed with them?

19
Q

Which males are more likely to participate in unrestricted mating?

A

Males who are physically attractive are more likely to participate in unrestricted mating. Also predictive are mates with high value. Other predictors include high self-perceived ability to attract mates and high circulating testosterone.

20
Q

If there are fewer men around, there are less…

A

committed relationships.

21
Q

What will the dating norm reflect when they’re fewer women than men around?

A

The women’s preferences (restricted mating).

22
Q

Which women pursue unrestricted orientation?

A

Unrestricted sociosexual orientation most commonly pursued by those who grew up with cues to environmental uncertainty/stress. “Men in my particularly context can’t be trusted or relied on”.

23
Q

When are females more likely to engage in unrestricted relationships?

A

When there are few males per female.

24
Q

Which three distinct emotion systems are mating behavior guided by?

A

Lust, attraction and attachment.

25
Q

When do people feel less positively for their current partner?

A

After being exposed to attractive alternative partners.

26
Q

What are the two ways people in relationships buffer from the lure of attractive alternatives?

A

They tend to perceive attractive opposite sex individuals as less appealing, and they simply don’t pay attention to the opposite sex.

27
Q

When are men most likely to divorce their woman?

A

When wives have engaged in sexual infidelities.

28
Q

What is the “estrus”?

A

A phase scientist thought where women were fertile and willing to sexual intercourse. But now scientists have found out that women do not possess a discrete, finite phase of classic estrus but are sexually proceptive and receptive across the cycle.

29
Q

Does women’s sexual interests change across the cycle?

A

Yes, just prior to ovulation.

30
Q

When women’s conception risk increases…

A

their preference for the scent of symmetrical men increases.

31
Q

Which men do women prefer for short-term mating when fertile?

A

Masculine and symmetrical men.

32
Q

What happens to the women’s vocal pitch when fertile?

A

It increases.

33
Q

How do women tend to dress when fertile?

A

More sexy and provocative ways.

34
Q

What is the parental investment theory?

A

The sex that invests less in offspring is intrasexually more competitive, especially over gaining reproductive access to the opposite sex – more likely to have more partners.

35
Q

What are pluralistic theories?

A

They talk about what men and women find attractive and why in long- and short-term mating. They also think that humans can benefit from shifting between long-term and short-term mating strategies through life.

36
Q

What are the two parts of sexual strategies theory?

A

Long-term mating and short-term mating.

37
Q

What is the operational sex ratio?

A

The relative balance of marriage-age men versus marriage-age women in the local mating pool.

Considered high when more men than women.

38
Q

What are Stenberg’s three components of love?

A

Passion, intimacy, and decision/commitment.

39
Q

What are men and women’s view in intelligence in a partner?

A

o Both men and women want someone of at least average intelligence, if going on one date together.
o If married, both sexes want someone above average in intelligence.
o Men are willing to have sex with a woman who don’t meet their minimum standards for a date.

40
Q

True or false: Men would rather have sex with a stranger than go on a date with her?

A

TRUE, weird but true haha.

41
Q

Are testosterone linked to sexual desire for both men and women?

A

Yes.

42
Q

Who are more likely to get married to someone whom they have no romantic relationship with - Americans, Japanese or Indian people?

A

Indian people.

43
Q

How many times more likely are men than women to kill over jealousy?

A

Four times.

44
Q

What will a woman get most jealous over - sexual intercourse or a new emotional commitment?

A

A new emotional commitment.

45
Q

Are gay men more interested in physical appearance or social status in a partner?

A

Physical appearance.