Lecture 15: Communication Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lecture 15: Communication Deck (22)
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1
Q

2 types of communication

A

1) deceptive communication

2) honest communication

2
Q

deceptive communication;

A

1) cuckoo and dartford warbler and feeding

2) Hornet clear wing moth, appears to look like hornet

3
Q

Sexual deception examples

A
  • fly orchid & bee orchid males appear like females for pollen transportation
  • bluegill sunfish: satellite male appear to look like females, enter territory of other males and take advantage of payed eggs
4
Q

sexual deception: Bolas spider

A

release pheromone similar to one female moths release, attracting male moths

5
Q

how can selection favour Honest Communication? Book

A

Maynard Smith & Harper (2003) Animal signals

6
Q

how can selection favour Honest Communication? 3 main ways that animal signals may be honest/reliable

A

1) common interest
- - honey bee communication
- -long-tailed tits
- -raven yelling
2) Handicap/cost
- -begging by chick
- -male displayed to attract females
3) index of quality (uncheatable signals)
- -body size/weight
- -volume & depth of calls

7
Q

honest communication due to common interests: honeybees

A

‘waggle dance’

-no conflict here as all individuals have a common interest to go out, find food, due to individuals being related

8
Q

honest communication due to common interest: long tailed tits

A
  • helpers assist relatives
  • -calls allow discrimination of kin from non-kin
  • > -individually distinctive
  • repeatable
  • family specific
  • learned form carers as nestlings
  • ‘environmental’ cues to kinship
9
Q

honest communication due to common interest: Genetic cues - fire ants

A
'Green beard' genes 
--causes a phenotypic effect 
-- permits recognition of itself in other bearers 
--causes differential behaviour towards bearers 
--all egg-laying females are Bb
---bb females die prematurely 
---BB females are killed by Bb workers 
RECOGNITION BY ODOUR CUES?
10
Q

Honest communication due to common interests: Genetic cues -Storm petrels

A

Directed reading; can identify related individuals to avoid inbreeding

11
Q

honest communication due to common interest: Raven yelling

A
  • over the carcasses of large mammals
  • yell to get other ravens to aggregate
  • WHY?
  • –> intruder ravens to overwhelm defence of territory holding ravens
  • -TH ravens didn’t yell
  • -intruders yelled
  • -TH unable to repeal many intruders
12
Q

Costly signals; begging chicks

A
  • parents often give more food to chicks that beg more
  • begging calls can attract predators
  • hungry chicks benefit most from begging, as food has a greater effect to them than already satiated chicks
13
Q

costly signals: begging chick

—why don’t chicks beg at high rate even when they’re not that hungry?

A

ITS COSTLY, & begging attracts predators

14
Q

ground nester vs tree nesting begging calls

A

ground nests are especially vulnerable to predation.

-Ground nesters beg at higher frequency that tree nesters as high freq sound doesnt travel as far (GRAPH)

15
Q

begging: as relatedness decreases begging ___

A

becomes more loud as less interested in survival of whole group

16
Q

male signalling quality with a costly display

A
  • M high quality males with no ornament = highest SURVIVAL
  • Handicap & high quality = greatest survival and matings
  • display = honest signal of male quality, = handicap that only high quality males can afford
17
Q

Honest communication: index of quality

A
  • body size/weight

- volume & depth of calls

18
Q

Honest communication: index of quality; toad calls

A
  • F more attracted to deep calls

- deep calls = honest signal of male size and ability to deter rivals

19
Q

Cheating body size =

A

possible up to a point

  • inflation of abdomen
  • puffing out chest
  • making hair stand on end
  • elongating larynx to make deeper calls
20
Q

signals and communication can be

A

honest / deceptive

21
Q

selection will often result in ___ communication & an evolutionary _____

A

deceptive communication

-result in an evolutionary arms race between signaller and receiver

22
Q

honest signals may evolve when:

A

there is common interest

  • signals are costly
  • signals are uncheatable