Lecture 10 - Evolutionary Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

prerequisites for evolution (of humans)

A
  • no biological constraints, everyone can mate with everyone
  • genes mutate at predictable rate
  • environmental influence enhances certain traits
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2
Q

since when are ther humans

A
  • hominids: 3 million years
  • sapiens: 200.000
    (- erectus lived for 2 million years)
  • last common ancestor with chimpanzees and bonobos
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3
Q

funfacts about shared DNA

A
  • evey organism shares 25%

- humans and banana 50%

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4
Q

evolutionary psychology

A
  • how evolution shaped behavior
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5
Q

natural selection

A
  • environments makes some reproduce and some not

- can diverge into different species

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6
Q

guppie experiment

A
  • predator pond guppies were colourless and reproduced earlier
  • peaceful pond guppies were colourful (sexual selection)
  • big stone pond: big dots
  • fine sand pond: small dots
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7
Q

gene culture coevolution

A
  • lactose tolerance outside East Asia
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8
Q

sources of evolutionary psychology

A
  • young children
  • other species
  • inate behavior
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9
Q

masculine men and women

A
  • are seen as more attractive when women ovulate
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10
Q

feminine men

A
  • do well also
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11
Q

cultural universal

A
  • incest taboo

- so probably inate

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12
Q

evolutionary based behaviors examples

A
  • leadership emergence

- concern for fairness

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13
Q

capucine monkey experiment

A
  • are angry when treated unfair
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14
Q

location unfairness aversion

A
  • in old brain part

- hints on it being inate

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15
Q

Hofstede cultural dimensions

A
  • individualistic vs collectivistic
  • acceptance vs power differences
  • masculine (competition, US, JP) vs feminine (care, NL, SW)
  • uncertainty reduction = how rules are valued
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16
Q

Ekman emotions

A
  • culturally independent

- even blind people show them

17
Q

lie detection

A
  • look at the mouth
  • less smiling
  • more artificial
  • longer response time
  • generic words and overgeneralization
  • not verifiable
18
Q

cultural gender differences

A
  • equality
  • distribution of tasks
  • social and sexual norms
19
Q

culturally difference in sex norms

A
  • number of partners
  • time to stay virgin
  • revealing cloths for women
20
Q

other cultural differences

A
  • minorities

- male infedility

21
Q

cultural similarities

A
  • sexual preferences
  • men prefer younger women
  • women prefer older rich guys
  • women are more picky
22
Q

parental investment theory

A
  • for all species
  • gender who invests more into offspring is more selective
  • men focus on fertility
    women on
    caregivers
    (reversed in seahorse)
23
Q

expecting sex

A
  • men want more and earlier
24
Q

differences in sex-drive

A
  • women desire intelligent partners for sex and relationships
  • associate status cues more often with sexuality
  • men only for relationships
  • men like cost free opportunities
25
Q

paradox of homosexuality

A
  • high heritability
  • present in many species
  • but no offspring
26
Q

kin selection explanation of homosexuality

A
  • gay uncle theory
  • advantage of an extra caregiver
  • but then why not asexual?
27
Q

genetic carrier explanation

A
  • hetero people carry some gay genes as well
  • make for higher reproductive success
  • so some people turn out gay
28
Q

new theory on homosexuality

A
  • sex has social functions as well

- so variance is expected