Lec 51:Pharmacology Principles

Question 1

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 1

What the drug does to the body

Question 2

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 2

What the body does to the drug such as metabolism and elimination

Question 3

Bioavailability

Answer 3

Proportion of an administered dose of a drug usually orally, that enters circulation

Question 4

What information do we need to know about a drug before it can be safely and effectively used?

Answer 4

1. Dose Dependent Relationship
2. Mechanism of Action
3. Clinical Pharmacology (safety, efficacy)

Question 5

Steps to development/approval of a drug prior to use in the clinic:

Answer 5

1. Drug Screening - Assays modeling disease states, a rational drug design
2. Preclinical Pharmacology - Lab studies to determine toxicity and biologic activity
3. Proof of concept and initial safety tests

Question 6

Phases of testing a drug

Answer 6

Phase I - Check toxicity of drug and plot on a dose dependent curve
Phase II - Demonstrate that safe doses give therapeutic effect
Phase III - Compare with placebo or standard in a large group
Phase IV - Careful post-marketing surveillance

Question 7

TD50?

Answer 7

Dose that gives 50% of the population a toxic effect

Question 8

LD50?

Answer 8

Dose at which 50% animals are dead

Question 9

ED50?

Answer 9

Dose needed to give 50% maximal effect

Question 10

Therapeutic Index?

Answer 10

TI = TD50/ED50 or LD50/ED50

Question 11

Higher TI means

Answer 11

Safer

Question 12

What kind of mechanism do diuretics and laxatives follow?

Answer 12

Osmotic actions so physiochemical mechanisms

Question 13

What do antacids, chelating agents, and disinfectants all have in common?

Answer 13

Don’t use receptors to get drugs to work, just chemical reactivity