Learning Flashcards

1
Q

Process of acquiring through experience new and relatively enduring information and behaviours is…

A

Learning

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2
Q

Associative Learning

A

Learning that certain events occur together

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3
Q

We associate stimuli that we do not control, and we automatically respond (exhibiting respondent behaviours)

A

Classical Conditioning

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4
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

Association of response (our behaviour) and its consequence (producing operant behaviours)

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5
Q

The acquisition of mental information, whether by observing events, by watching others or through language

A

Cognitive Learning

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6
Q

Who’s early twentieth-century experiments are psychology’s most famous research?

A

Ivan Pavlov (Classical Conditioning [link 2 or more stimuli, then anticipate events])

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7
Q

Psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behaviour without reference to mental processes

A

Behaviourism (most research psychologists today agree with 1, but not with 2

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8
Q

a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning

A

NS or Neutral Stimulus

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9
Q

an unlearned, naturally occurring response (eg. salivation) to an unconditioned stimulus (US) (such as food in the mouth)

A

Unconditioned Response or UR

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10
Q

a stimulus that unconditionally - naturally and automatically - triggers an conditioned response

A

Unconditioned Stimulus or US

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11
Q

a learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus

A

Conditioned Response (CR)

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12
Q

an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned response (CR)

A

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

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13
Q

Pavlov’s research demonstrated associative learning, exploring five major conditioning processes

A

acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, and discrimination

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14
Q

Acquisition - (Classical Conditioning)

A

Initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response.

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15
Q

Extinction - (Classical Conditioning)

A

Diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an US does not follow a CS

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16
Q

Spontaneous Recovery - (Classical Conditioning)

A

Reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response

17
Q

Generalization - (Classical Conditioning)

A

Tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses

18
Q

Discrimination - (Classical Conditioning

A

Learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus (which predicts the US) and other irrelevant stimuli

19
Q

Consensus among psychologists that classical conditioning is a

A

basic form of learning

20
Q

Many responses to many stimuli can be classically condition in many organisms

A

including humans

21
Q

Who introduced how learning processes can be studied objectively?

A

Pavlov

22
Q

Classical conditioning applies to all species?

A

Yea