The fire extinguisher is out the side door and past the what? (two words)
beverage cart
The fire extinguisher is next to the what?
stairwell
How do you spell the type of arrangement that is long and has spirals?
spirochetes
How do you spell the type of arrangement that is short and stocky and spirals?
spirilum
What is the cell shape of yeasts?
Oval
Yeasts either have “no arrangement” OR they have what type of arrangement?
pseudohyphae
Are yeasts much bigger than bacteria?
Yes
What do yeasts have in their cell walls?
Chitan
What will not work because of the chitan in the cell wall of yeast? (two words)
gram stain
What is an example of a gram positive cell envelope?
Staphylococcus aureus
What is an example of a gram negative cell envelope?
Escherichia coli
What is an example of an acid fast cell envelope?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
What is an example of an Endospore former and capsule former?
Bacillus anthracis
We use acid fast on what type of bacteria?
mycobacterium
What is used for the primary stain when performing acid fast stains?
methylene blue
What do we use in acid fast stains instead of regular alcohol?
acid alcohol
Is heat involved with acid fast staining?
Yes
What do we use after the acid alcohol and before the counterstain?
Heat
What is used as the counterstain in acid staining?
carbofusion
What material to we use in acid fast staining that makes us call it “acid fast”?
acid alcohol
Why do we use alcohol in gram stain?
to break down the cell wall to drive the dye in
What happens if we use acid alcohol on a gram stain instead of the normal decolorizer of ethyl alchol? (two words)
completely decolorize
What is the fundamental difference of the material contained in acid fast cell envelopes?
mycolic acid
In one word, how would you describe a cell wall containing mycolic acid?
waxy
What is a medically significant acid fast cell?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
What is the primary stain for spore staining?
malachite green
What is the counter stain for spore staining?
safranin
Is it easy for the spores to survive in infection?
Yes
What is needed for the body to kill spores?
Heat the body so high
What would also be killed if we heat the body high enough to kill the spores? (one word)
body
What is the relevance of spores in microbiology laboratory sterility? (three words)
Hard to kill
Where do we use the spores in microbiology laboratory sterility?
autoclave
What are the components of capsule stain?
India ink
What is the function of india ink in the process of capsule stain?
simple
Is India ink in a capsule stain a positive stain or negative stain?
negative
What is rendered ineffective by capsules in infection (not environment)?
phagocytosis
What happened if the temperature goes up on cell function?
enzymes denature
What cannot be reached if the temperature goes down on cell function?
activation energy
What type of temperature do Thermophiles like?
heat
What type of temperature do Pschryophiles like?
cold
What type of temperature do Mesophiles like? (one word)
body
What are the range of degrees in celsius that thermophiles survive in? (x to x)
20 to 70
What is the ideal number of degrees in celsius that thermophiles thrive?
50
What are the range of degrees in celsius that psychrophiles survive in?(x to x)
0 to 20
What is the ideal number of degrees in celsius that psychrophiles thrive in?
15
What is the range of degrees in celsius that mesophiles survive in? (x to x)
20 to 40
What is the ideal number of degrees in celsius that mesophiles thrive in?
37
There are three ways spores are relevant in bacterial survival in the environment. In the first way, the spores PROTECT AGAINST what? (two words)
drying out
There are three ways spores are relevant in bacterial survival in the environment. In the second way, the spores ACT AS A what? (two words)
food reserve
The reasons the spores can act as a food reserve is because they have something that can be eaten - what is it that can be eaten? (three words)
long chain sugars
There are three ways spores are relevant in bacterial survival in the environment. In the third way, the spores PROTECT AGAINST what?
radiation