lab med Flashcards Preview

HRR wk 1 > lab med > Flashcards

Flashcards in lab med Deck (18)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

about 80% of insulin uptake is independent of insulin what/where are these insulin independent cells

A

nerve tissue- brain; RBC, mucosal cells of the GI tract, and exercising skel m.

2
Q

in a fasting state as insulin lvls dec where/how is energy produced

A

glycogen is broken down by the liver (glycogenolysis) and fatty acids are converted to ketone bodies (lipolysis)

3
Q

at what glucose cx is a pt considered hypoglycemic

A

<70mg/dL

4
Q

what happens in the event of hypoglycemia

A

alpha cells in the pancreas release glucagon which stimulates (gluconeogenisis) and glycogenolysis. glucagon also facilitates(lypoysis)

5
Q

in addition to glucagon secretion, hypoglycemia leads to the secretion of what counterregulatory hormones

A

GH, epinephrine, and cortisol

6
Q

what does epinephrine do

A

along with glucagon it promotes glycogenolysis and gluconeogenisis

7
Q

what does cortisol do

A

cortisol increases glucose lvls by stimulating gluconeogenisis

8
Q

what does growth hormone do

A

inhibits the uptake of glucose by tissues when hypoglycemic

9
Q

what does amylin do

A

delays gastric emptying - slows intestinal carbohydrate absorption resulting in lower postprandial glucose lvls; also suppresses hepatic glucose output by inhibiting glucagon after a meal; satiety

10
Q

what is the incretin effect

A

postprandial Beta cell glucose responses is greater when glucose is given orally than IV

11
Q

what are examples of incretin hormones

A

GLP-1 and GIP- stimulate insulin release when glucose lvls are elevated

12
Q

under normal circumstances how does DDP-4 effect incretins

A

it rapidly degrades them into inactive forms after their release into the circulation- 1/2 life <5min

13
Q

T/F GLP-1 but not GIP also suppress glucagon production in pancreatic alpha cells when glucose is elevated

A

True

14
Q

how does the kidney contribute to glucose homeostasis

A

by reabsorbing all of the glucose in the proximal tubule and returning it to the circulation

15
Q

what specific glucose transport proteins mediates glucose resorption by the kidneys

A

the sodium glucose cotransporters

SGLT

16
Q

in the early proximal tubule on the luminal side of the cells what sodium glucose cotransporter is responsible for most of the glucose reabsorption

A

SGLT-2

17
Q

in individuals without diabetes what is the threshold for renal resorption of glucose

A

~180mg/dL- after which- glucouria

18
Q

in type II DM the renal capacity to resorb glucose is inc/dec which contributes to hyperglycemia

A

increased