Lab Ex 36 Survey of the Animal Kingdom - Phyla Porifera & Cnidaria Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lab Ex 36 Survey of the Animal Kingdom - Phyla Porifera & Cnidaria Deck (44)
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1
Q

Phylum Porifera

A

sponges; eukaryotic, multicellular, ingestive-feeding heterotrophs

2
Q

Phylum Cnidaria

A

Cnidarians; eukaryotic, multicellular, ingestive-feeding heterotrophs

3
Q

Asymmetrical

A

bodies with no symmetry or pattern such as left and right halves or anterior and posterior regions

4
Q

Sessile

A

attached to a substrate

5
Q

Filter-feeding

A

make waves to have current bring food to them

6
Q

Epithelial layer

A

outside layer of a sponge

7
Q

Spongocoel

A

inside the sponge; a central cavity lined by flagellated cells called choanocytes

8
Q

Choanyocytes

A

collar cells; flagellated cells that line the central cavity of sponges

9
Q

Porocytes

A

moving flagella draw water through pores within these into the spongocoel and across the collars of the choanocytes to trap food particles

10
Q

Osculum

A

filtered water from a sponge exits through a large hole in the end of it

11
Q

Incurrent canals

A

beating flagella of choanocytes move the water containing food particles from the external environment into these, through the folded wall lined with choanocytes, into the flagellated canal, into the spongocoel, and out the osculum

12
Q

Flagellated canals

A

beating flagella of choanocytes move the water containing food particles from the external environment into incurrent canals, through the folded wall lined with choanocytes, into these, into the spongocoel, and out the osculum

13
Q

Intracellular

A

digestion occurring inside cells

14
Q

Amoebocytes

A

wall of a sponge contains these creeping, mobile cells with a variety of functions, including digestion and a rather amazing ability to differentiate into other cell types as needed; secrete the skeleton of calcareous species (containing calcium), siliceous spicules (containing silicon), or proteinaceous spongin fibers

15
Q

Spicules

A

crystalline skeletal structures in the wall of a sponge

16
Q

Mesenchyme

A

gelatinous matrix in the wall of a sponge

17
Q

Spongin Fibers

A

proteinaceous; secreted by amoebocytes

18
Q

Gemmules

A

stress-resistant aggregates of amoebocytes; in favorable conditions, amoebocytes in these can grow into a mature organism

19
Q

Class Hydrozoa

A

part of phylum cnidaria/coelenterates; made up of hydras

20
Q

Class Scyphozoa

A

part of phylum cnidaria; jellyfish

21
Q

Class Anthozoa

A

part of phylum cnidaria; anemones and corals

22
Q

Radially symmetrical

A

can be bisected into equal halves in any 2D plane; characteristic of cnidarians; describes a body plan with repetitive body areas arranged in a circle around a central point such as the pieces of a pie

23
Q

Ectodermis

A

outside layer of the body wall of cnidarians

24
Q

Endodermis

A

inside layer of the body wall of cnidarians; sometimes called the gastrodermis; lines the gastrovascular cavity

25
Q

Mesoglea

A

gelatinous; separates the two true body layers in cnidarians

26
Q

Polyps

A

cylindrical animals with a mouth surrounded by tentacles atop the cylinder (i.e. the end facing away from the substrate); usually attached to the substrate and may be solitary or colonial; 1 of 2 basic body plans of cnidarians

27
Q

Medusae

A

usually free-floating and umbrella-shaped; mouths point downward and are surrounded by hanging tentacles; 1 of 2 basic body plans of cnidarians

28
Q

Polymorphism

A

alternating between polyp and medusa forms

29
Q

Planula larva

A

after fertilization, the zygote develops into a swimming mass of ciliated cells called this, which eventually attaches to the substrate and develops into a polyp

30
Q

Ephyra

A

immature medusae; develop into mature medusae

31
Q

Cnidocytes

A

tentacles of cnidarians are armed with these stinging cells which contain small, barbed harpoon-like structures called nematocysts

32
Q

Nematocysts

A

small, barbed harpoon-like structures of cnidocytes

33
Q

Gastrovascular cavity (GVC)

A

captured prey are pushed through the mouth into this, where extracellular digestion occurs followed by phagocytosis of small food particles and some intracellular digestion

34
Q

Extracellular digestion

A

occurs in the GVC

35
Q

Basal disks

A

polyps of hydra occasionally hang from the water’s surface with these adhering to the surface of the water

36
Q

Gastrozooids

A

specialized feeding polyps that occur in Obelia

37
Q

Gonozoids

A

reproductive polyps

38
Q

Velum

A

located on the inner periphery of the medusae

39
Q

Manubrium

A

mouth is located at the end of this structure of Gonionemus

40
Q

Radial canals

A

GVC radiates from the center of the manubrium as these connected by a circular canal around the perimeter

41
Q

Gonads

A

tissue that produces gametes; attach to the radial canals and appear similar in males and females

42
Q

Tentacles

A

rough surface; surrounds the mouth of cnidarians; may sting

43
Q

Scyphistoma

A

polyp stage

44
Q

Fragmentation

A

type of asexual reproduction that occurs when pieces of the basal disk tear away from a moving anemone; the pieces form a new individual

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