type of mycorrhiza in which the fungus penetrates the cortical cells of the roots of a vascular plant
Arbuscular mycorrhizae
a sporocarp produced by a member of the Basidiomycotina and which bears basidiospores
Basidiocarp
a fungus within the Basidiomycotine; includes those species that produce a basidiocarp
Basidiomycete
an exogenous sexual spore (meiospore) formed on a basidium
Basidiospore
a typically club-shaped cell in which karyogany and meiosis take place and on which basidiospores are formed
Basidium
a tough, resistant, nitrogen-containing polysaccharide forming the cell walls of certain fungi
Chitin
a bridge between dividing cells allowing for the movement of nuclei
Clamp connection
a cobweb-like partial veil on certain types of mushroom
Cortina
permits cytoplasm and small organelles to pass through the structure, but restricts the movement of nuclei to varying degrees seen in the Basidiomycotina
Dolipore septum
(stomach fungi) the group of Basidiomycetes with spots borne in cavities within the fruit body
Gasteromycete
Vocab specific to gasteromycetes
Gleba
Perdioles
Peridium
a wall or membrane of sterile cells around a fruiting body
Peridium
the layer of asci on an ascoma or of basidia on a basidioma, together with any associated sterile hyphae
Hymenium
tubular filament of a fungus, may be anchored by rhizoids, may bind soil particles together, hyphae of individuals of same often fused
Hyphae
a specialized root structure resulting from a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a higher plant; at least 80% of all vascular plants have
Mycorrhiza
fleshy, spore-bearing inner mass of fungi such as the puffball or stinkhorn
Gleba
the ‘eggs’ bearing the spores in birds-nest fungi
Peridioles
-a mass of hyphae, often used to denote all hyphae comprising a thallus
Mycelium
-vegetative non reproducing part of a fungus
Mycelium
a macroscopic, typically rope-like strand of compacted tissue formed by certain higher fungi
Rhizomorph
round swollen cells usually formed in clusters, characteristically found in the Russulaceae
Sphaerocyst
a fruit body that produces spores
Sporocarp
a spike-like structure that supports a basidiospore on the basidium
Sterigma
undifferentiated vegetative tissue forming the body of the fungus.
Thallus
the sterile tissue of a basidicarp
Trama
Hyphae have cell walls composed of _____
chitin
Fungi are composed of long, filamentous cells known as _____
hyphae
_____ is the latin word for mushroom
Fungi
Fungi diverged from life about ______
1500 million years ago
Most hyphae cells are separated internally by cross-walls called
Septa
Hyphae lacking internal cross-walls are said to be
coenocytic or aseptate
In basidiomycetes, the mycelium passes through two phases called ____ and ___
monokaryotic and dikaryotic
Mycelium forming the basidiocarp is known as ______
Tertiary mycelium and is dikaryotic
the use of a ballistically propelled spore
forcibly discharged from the sterigma where the Hilar droplet fuses with a film of liquid on the surface of the ballistospore causing a sudden shift in the centre of mass of the spore
Ballistospore
Distinguishing features of Basidiomycota
Reproduction
Spore Dispersal
Hyphal Structure (donut like margin called dolipore)
Life Stages
septa form and the mycelium is divided into monokaryotic segments
Primary mycelium
produced by the fusion of monokaryotic hyphae from different mating types. Occurs without nuclear fusion
Secondary mycelium
Secondary mycelium is produced by the fusion of _______ known as _____
monokaryotic hyphae; plasmogamy