Lab 1 (FIRST MIDTERM) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lab 1 (FIRST MIDTERM) Deck (30)
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1
Q

Epaxial muscles refer to the ______ while Hypaxial muscles refer to the _______.

A

back, front

2
Q

Name the plane on the far left.

A

frontal/coronal plane

3
Q

Name the plane in the middle.

Name the plane in the middle if it was over to one side instead of directly in the middle.

A

medial sagittal plane (right in the middle)

parasagittal plane (off the mid-line)

4
Q

Name the plane on the far right.

A

transverse plane

5
Q

Directional terms:

Cranial/superior vs. caudal/inferior

A

Toward head vs. toward “tail” or feet

6
Q

Directional terms:

Dorsal vs. ventral

A

Toward backbone vs. toward belly

7
Q

Directional terms:

Medial vs. lateral

A

Toward the middle vs. away from midline

8
Q

Directional terms:

Proximal vs. distal

A

Closer to attachment vs. away from attachment

9
Q

Directional terms:

Superficial vs. deep

A

Closer to surface vs. away from surface

10
Q

What does the blastocoel contain that eventually becomes you (or a fish, or a chicken, or any chordate)?

A

inner cell mass

11
Q

Together the ectoderm and the endoderm make…

A

bilaminar layer

12
Q

Together all three germ layers make…

A

trilaminar layer

13
Q

What is the “thickening” in the middle of a single layer of epidermal ectoderm?

Specific germ layer?

A

Neural plate

Specific: neural ectoderm

14
Q

What moves toward each other and creates a neural groove?

A

neural folds

15
Q

What is created when the neural folds close off?

Specific germ layer?

A

Dorsal hollow nerve tube

Specific: neural ectoderm

16
Q

What is the general germ layer AND specific germ layer of the notochord?

A

Mesoderm

Specific: chordamesoderm

17
Q

What is the specific germ layer of the parietal serosa and visceral serosa?

A

Lateral plate mesoderm

18
Q

What are the little circles at the end of the somites? (they don’t have a name so name the specific germ layer)

A

Intermediate mesoderm

19
Q

What is the very first structure in an embryo?

A

Notochord

20
Q

3 “types” of somites and a VERY brief description:

A

Dermatome: skin

Myotome: muscle

Sclerotome: skeleton

21
Q

Specific germ layer of somites:

A

Paraxial mesoderm

22
Q

Spinal curves

Primary curves (fetus):

Secondary curves (after birth):

Tertiary curves (later):

A

Primary: thoracic and sacral

Secondary: cervical

Tertiary: lumbar

23
Q

How many of each vertebrae?

A

7 cervical

12 thoracic

5 lumbar

5 sacral

24
Q

CONNECTION TIME!

Where are the vertebrae derived from? (think specifically)

A

Sclerotome –> Somites –> Mesoderm

25
Q

What does the spinal chord travel through?

A

Vertebral foramen

26
Q

How can you tell if it’s cervical vertebra?

A

Has transverse foramen

(also a bifid spinous process)

27
Q

What runs through the transverse foramen?

A

Vertebral artery

28
Q

How can you tell if it’s thoracic vertebra?

A

They have costal facets that articulate with ribs

29
Q

Atlas vs. Axis

A

“Atlas spins on its axis”

Atlas: C1 and circle shaped; has little transverse foramen

Axis: C2 and has a dens for Atlas to sit on

30
Q

True ribs:

False ribs:

Floating ribs:

A

True: have their own cartilage (7 pairs)

False: 5 - 3 “hitch a ride” on true rib and 2 are floating