L2 Neuroanatomy 1 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in L2 Neuroanatomy 1 Deck (33)
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1
Q

What are the major movement types?

A

Simple pattern reflexes, complex postural (reflex) adjustments, voluntary movements

2
Q

Organisation of simple pattern reflexes

A

involve spinal cord circuits only - automated, unlearned and stereotyped reflexes (no cortical input)

3
Q

Organisation of complex postural adjustments

A

involve spinal cord and supraspinal centers (brainstem and cerebellum) - not stereotyped reflexes (flexible and adaptive reflexes, mostly coordinate action with voluntary movements, requires cortical input for coordination of actions

4
Q

Organisation of voluntary movements

A

involve spinal cord, brainstem and motor cortex

5
Q

Upper motoneurons

A

1st order motor neurons: cortical motoneurons (completely within CNS), motoneurons of brainstem nuclei

6
Q

Lower motoneurons

A

α- & γ-motoneurons of spinal anterior horn, motor neurons of cranial nerves in brainstem, cell bodies are in CNS but majority of axon is in PNS

7
Q

organisation of nerve fibres within an axon

A

nerve fibre wrapped in endoneurium
bunch of nerve fibres = fascicles (wrapped in perineurium)
bunch of fascicles = nerve (wrapped in epineurium)

8
Q

afferent vs efferent neurons

A

afferent = sensory (dorsal ganglia); efferent = motor (cell body in CNS)

9
Q

nerve

A

bunch of neurons in the PNS

10
Q

tract

A

bunch of neurons in the CNS

11
Q

two types of nerves

A

spinal (originating from spinal cord) and cranial (from the brain)

12
Q

types of spinal cord and spinal nerves

A

31 pairs: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral and 1 coccygeal

13
Q

dermatome and myotome (dermamyotome)

A

area in skin/group of muscles that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve

14
Q

peripheral nerves and spinal nerves

A

peripheral nerves often consist of multiple spinal nerves (plexi)

15
Q

spinal nerves that control the diaphragm

A

C3, C4 and C5 (phrenic nerve)

16
Q

Cranial nerves

A

12 pairs: olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal
mnemonic: out of options, they travelled and found voldemort guarding virtually sealed horcruxes

17
Q

olfactory

A

I: sensory for nose (cerebral)

18
Q

optic

A

II: sensory for eye (cerebral)

19
Q

oculomotor

A

III: eye muscles motor (midbrain)

20
Q

trochlear

A

IV: eye muscles motor (midbrain)

21
Q

trigeminal

A

V: sensory for face and motor for mastication (pons)

22
Q

abducens

A

VI: eye muscles - lateral rectus motor (pons)

23
Q

facial

A

VII: motor for face and taste sensation (pons)

24
Q

vestibulocochlear

A

VIII: balance and sensory for ears (pons and/or medulla)

25
Q

glossopharyngeal

A

IX: mostly sensory for tongue and pharynx areas (medulla) - moves stylopharyngeal muscle

26
Q

vagus

A

X: “the wanderer” sensory - parasympathetic system and motor - throat and voicebox (medulla)

27
Q

accessory

A

XI: motor for sterno-cleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

28
Q

hypoglossal

A

XII: motor for tongue

29
Q

sympathetic and parasympathetic anatomical division

A

thoracolumbar outflow and craniosacral outflow respectively

30
Q

ganglia

A

collection of cell bodies in PNS

31
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

ganglia lines the spinal cord - “sympathetic trunk”
white rami: more myelin - preganglionic nerves
grey rami: postganglionic nerves

32
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

ganglia are close to target viscera

33
Q

important parasympathetic cranial nerves

A

III, VII, IX and X