Knee Injury Flashcards

1
Q

Which meniscus in the knee is more fixed and less mobile - medial or lateral?

A

Medial

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2
Q

Which ligament resists valgus stress?

A

Medial cruciate ligament

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3
Q

Which ligament resists varus stress?

A

Lateral cruciate ligament

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4
Q

What does the anterior cruciate ligament prevent?

A

Subluxation of tibia anteriorly

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5
Q

What does the posterior cruciate ligament prevent?

A

Subluxation of tibia posteriorly

Hyperextension of knee

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6
Q

A patient who has difficulty descending stairs may have rupture of which ligament in the knee?

A

Posterior cruciate ligament

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7
Q

Which meniscal tear - medial or lateral - is more common?

A

Medial (undergoes more stress)

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8
Q

Meniscal tears heal easily. True/False?

A

False

Very limited healing potential (poor blood supply)

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9
Q

What is a “bucket handle tear”, how does it present and how is it treated?

A

Meniscus flap gets caught in intercondylar notch
Presents as locked knee
Arthroscopic repair/menisectomy

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10
Q

Meniscal tear due to degenerative damage is pointless to operate on. True/False?

A

True

Little improvement, sometimes worse

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11
Q

Describe grade 1 knee ligament tear

A

Tear of some ligament fibres but macroscopically everything is in tact (sprain)

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12
Q

Describe grade 2 knee ligament tear

A

Partial tear where some fascicles are disrupted

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13
Q

Describe grade 3 knee ligament tear

A

Complete tear of the ligament

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14
Q

ACL rupture repair never really works - what is done instead?

A

Reconstruction (allograft, autograft or synthetic graft)

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15
Q

If a patient suddenly twists, which ligaments are susceptible to tear?

A

ACL

Meniscus

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16
Q

Only full thickness cartilage injury can heal. True/False?

A

True

17
Q

What is osteoarthritis dissecans?

A

An area of the surface of the knee loses its blood supply and cartilage, sometimes causing bone to fragment off

18
Q

When hyaline cartilage heals, what type of cartilage replaces it?

A

Fibrocartilage

19
Q

List some cartilage regeneration techniques

A

Microfracture
Grafting
Mosaicplasty
MACI (membrane-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation)