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Flashcards in kidney Deck (21)
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1
Q

where does the kidney extend?

A

TV 12- L3

2
Q

what is the difference in where the kidneys lie?

A

the right kidney lies lower than the left kidney because of the large size of the lobe of the liver

3
Q

the kidneys lie anterior to which muscle?

A

psoas major

4
Q

what does the hilum of the kidney contain?

A

Renal vein
Renal artery
Ureter
Autonomic and sensory nerves

5
Q

the expanded superior end of the ureter within the hilum is called?

A

renal pelvis

6
Q

a recess located within the hilum filled with fat is called?

A

renal sinus

7
Q

the structures which enter the hilum collectively are known by what term?

A

renal pedicle- bundle of fibers

8
Q

what are the 5 internal structures of the kidneys?

A
renal cortex
renal medulla
minor calices
major calices 
renal pelvis
9
Q

what is the blood supply to the kidneys?

A

renal artery
extrahilar arteries
renal vein

10
Q

what does the renal artery come from?

A

abdominal aorta

11
Q

what does the renal vein drain into?

A

inferior vena cava

12
Q

the left renal vein drains an extensive area, besides the left kidney, what else does it drain?

A

suprarenal gland
gonad
diaphragm
body wall

13
Q

describe the term anatomical nutcracker

A

left renal vein and 3rd part of duodenum my be compressed between aorta behind and superior mesenteric artery in front which may lead to left kidney failure and vomiting if 3rd part of duodenum is compressed

14
Q

what are the causes of an anatomical nutcracker?

A

compressive abdominal trauma
application of body cast
aneurysm

15
Q

what are the fibers that form the renal plexus?

A

celiac plexus
aortic plexus
direct branches from thoracic and lumbar splanchnic nerves
** most important direct branch is least splanchnic n. T12

16
Q

what are the layers covering a kidney?

A

renal capsule- innermost
PERInephric fat
renal fascia
PARAnephric fat- outermost

17
Q

what are kidney stones/ renal calculi composed of?

A

calcium oxalate
calcium phosphate
uric acid crystals

18
Q

where do kidney stones typically become lodged?

A

1 of 3 constrictions of the ureter which restricts flow and causes pain

19
Q

what are risk factors for kidney stones?

A

being male, low fluid intake, southeastern US

20
Q

what type of therapy is sometimes used to break up kidney stones?

A

ESWL- extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

21
Q

what is the condition in which you have a floating kidney which becomes hyper mobile and moves down into renal fascia?

A

nephroptosis- sometimes descends to pelvis

also can turn upside twisting blood vessels