Key Words - Medieval Medicine 1000-1450 Flashcards Preview

GCSE History - Paper 2 > Key Words - Medieval Medicine 1000-1450 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Key Words - Medieval Medicine 1000-1450 Deck (43)
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1
Q

Why was the average age of death of British males low in the medieval times and 17th Century?

A

Because of warfare

2
Q

What were common remedies made from?

A

Herbs, plants, minerals, and animal parts

3
Q

Why did some cures work, even though they did not understand why?

A

The ingredients included chemicals which acted as antiseptics to combat infections or as anaesthetics

4
Q

What were cuts and wounds treated with?

A

Plants

5
Q

What were broken bones treated with?

A

Covered in clay or mud and then set

6
Q

What were fever, pain and chills all treated with?

A

Steam

7
Q

What were illnesses and injuries believed to be caused by?

A

Gods, spirits, the dead, or their enemies

8
Q

What was trephining?

A

Drilling a hole in a patient’s head (when they have a headache), to let out the spirits

9
Q

What would the medicine man do?

A

Give people charms to protect them from evil spirits, as well as prayers an chants and some also carried out trephining

10
Q

What are the main ‘factors’?

A

War, individuals, superstition and religion, education, trade and communication, government, chance, science and technology

11
Q

What are the 4 humours?

A

Blood, phlegm, yellow bile (vomit), black bile (poo)

12
Q

Who encouraged doctors to observe symptoms and to look for causes based on those symptoms?

A

Hippocrates

13
Q

Who was Hippocrates?

A

The ‘father’ of modern medicine

14
Q

What are the 4 elements?

A

Air, Fire, Earth, Water

15
Q

What season and element was blood related to?

A

Air —> spring —> blood

16
Q

What season and element was yellow bile related to?

A

Fire —> summer —> yellow bile

17
Q

What season and element was black bile related to?

A

Earth —> autumn —> black bile

18
Q

What season and element was phlegm related to?

A

Water —> winter —> phlegm

19
Q

If someone had a cold (using the opposites theory) what would the cure be?

A

Hot bath + pepper

20
Q

If someone was ill in the spring (using the opposites theory) what would the cure be?

A

Let blood (leeches) or eat something cool

21
Q

What did Galen prove?

A

~ the brain, not the heart, controlled speech

~ the arteries, and not just the veins, carried blood around the body

22
Q

Who created the opposites theory?

A

Galen

23
Q

Why was Galen accepted by the Church?

A

He didn’t go against religion - he taught that the body had been created by one god, who made all the parts of the body fit together perfectly and he referred to the ‘creator’

24
Q

Who was around during the Ancient Greek times?

A

Hippocrates

25
Q

Who was around in the Roman Empire?

A

Galen

26
Q

What did the Roman’s realise?

A

That dirt = disease

27
Q

What is the biggest change for the medieval times to modern?

A

We have understanding of diseases

28
Q

What would be found in a medieval doctor’s bag?

A

Willow bark, urine chart, astrological chart, honey, cobwebs, moss, snails, leeches

29
Q

What would the willow bark be used for?

A

To dull pain and reduce fever anti-inflammatory

30
Q

What would the urine and astrological charts be used for?

A

Work out what was wrong and decide the right time to operate on a particular body part

31
Q

Why would the honey be used?

A

Antibiotic properties

32
Q

What would the cobwebs be used for?

A

To stop bleeding by packing wounds with them

33
Q

What would moss be used for?

A

Dried moss absorbs fluid and has antibiotic properties

34
Q

What would snails be used for?

A

Snail slime contains antioxidants, antiseptics, anaesthetics, anti-inflammatory etc

35
Q

What would leeches be used for?

A

To let blood

36
Q

Medieval Physicians

A

~ today = doctor
~ only very wealthy would use them
~ would have received an education at one of the universities

37
Q

Medieval Surgeons

A

~ inferior to physicians
~ weren’t seen as proper doctors
~ similar reputation to barbers
~ belonged to Company of Barber Surgeons

38
Q

Medieval Barbers

A

~ inferior to surgeons
~ weren’t seen as proper doctors
~ belonged to Company of Barber Surgeons
~ only allowed to perform minor operations (eg. Pull teeth, let blood)

39
Q

Medieval Apothecary

A

~ today = chemist / pharmacist
~ usual route to visit
~ belonged to Grocer’s Guild (professional body)
~ sold sweets, cosmetics, perfumes, drugs

40
Q

Medieval ‘Wise Woman’

A

~ local
~ often first person contacted by poor people
~ used various herbs to produce home made medicines and potions

41
Q

Who set up and ran their own hospitals?

A

Monks and nuns

42
Q

Where were universities and hospitals usually situated?

A

Attached to the Church

43
Q

Why were the doctors usually monks and nuns?

A

They were the few people who were educated