Key Terms And Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

An outcome of being confronted with the four givens of existence: death, freedom, existential isolation, and meaninglessness

A

Existential anxiety

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2
Q

The result of, or the consciousness of, evading the commitment to choosing for ourselves in existential therapy

A

Existential guilt

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3
Q

A philosophical movement stressing individual responsibility for creating one’s way of thinking, feeling, and behaving

A

Existentialism

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4
Q

In existential therapy, an inescapable aspect of the human condition; we are the author of our life and therefore are responsible for our destiny and accountable for our actions

A

Freedom

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5
Q

A method of exploration that uses subjective human experiencing as its focus; part of the fabric of existentially oriented therapies

A

Phenomenology

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6
Q

In existential therapy, a state of functioning with a limited degree of awareness of oneself and being vague about the nature of one’s problems

A

Restricted existence

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7
Q

In person-centered therapy, the act of perceiving the internal frame of reference of another; of grasping the person’s subjective world, without losing one’s identity

A

Accurate empathic understanding

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8
Q

In person-centered therapy, the state in which self-experiences are accurately symbolized in the self-concept. As applied to the therapist, it is a matching of one’s inner experiencing with external expressions

A

Congruence

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9
Q

In person-centered therapy, a growth force within us; an actualizing tendency leading to the full development of one’s potential; the basis on which people can be trusted to identify and resolve their own problems in a therapeutic relationship

A

Self-actualizing tendency

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10
Q

In person-centered therapy, the necessary and sufficient characteristics of the therapeutic relationship for client change to occur. These core conditions include therapist congruence (or genuineness), unconditional positive regard (acceptance and respect), and accurate empathic understanding

A

Therapeutic conditions

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11
Q

In person-centered therapy, the nonjudgmental expression of a fundamental respect for the person as a human; acceptance of a person’s right to his or her feelings

A

Unconditional positive regard

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12
Q

In Gestalt therapy, The process of attending to and observing one’s own sensing, thinking, feelings, and actions; paying attention to the flowing nature of one present-centered experience

A

Awareness

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13
Q

In Gestalt therapy, The process of interacting with nature and with other people without losing one sense of individuality. Achieved through seeing, hearing, smelling, touching, and moving

A

Contact

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14
Q

In Gestalt therapy, A way of avoiding contact and awareness by being vague and indirect

A

Deflection

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15
Q

In Gestalt therapy, procedures aimed at encouraging spontaneity and inventiveness by bringing the possibilities for action directly into the therapy session. Designed to enhance here-and-now awareness. They are activities clients try out as a way of testing new ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving

A

Experiments

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16
Q

In Gestalt therapy, paying attention to and exploring what is occurring at the boundary between the person and the environment

A

Field theory

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17
Q

In Gestalt therapy, the uncritical acceptance of others beliefs and standards without assimilating them into one’s own personality

A

Introjection

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18
Q

In Gestalt therapy, The process by which we disown certain aspects of ourselves by ascribing them to the environment; the opposite of introjection

A

Projection

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19
Q

In Gestalt therapy, The act of turning back onto ourselves something we would like to do or have done someone else

A

Retroflection

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20
Q

In Gestalt therapy, unexpressed feelings such as resentment, guilt, anger, and grief, dating back to childhood that now interfere with effective psychological functioning; needless emotional debris that clutters present-centered awareness

A

Unfinished business

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21
Q

In feminist therapy, A theory that uses male-oriented constructs to draw conclusions about human nature

A

Androcentric theory

22
Q

In feminist therapy, Power should be balanced in a relationship. In feminist therapy the voices of the oppressed acknowledged as authoritative and valuable sources of knowledge

A

Egalitarian relationship

23
Q

In feminist therapy, The idea that one’s own cultural group is superior to others and that other groups should be judged based on one’s own standards

A

Ethnocentrism

24
Q

In feminist therapy, the idea that there are two separate paths of development for women and men

A

Gendercentrism

25
Q

In feminist therapy, explains differences in the behaviour of women and men in terms of socialization processes rather than viewing gender differences as fixed in nature

A

Gender-neutral theory

26
Q

In feminist therapy, used to help clients understand the impact of gender-role expectations in their lives

A

Gender-role analysis

27
Q

In feminist therapy, provides clients with insight into the ways social issues affect their problems

A

Gender-role intervention

28
Q

In feminist therapy, an organized set of mental associations people use to interpret their perceptions about gender

A

Gender schema

29
Q

In feminist therapy, views a heterosexual orientation as normative and desirable and devalues same-sex relationships

A

Heterosexism

30
Q

feminist therapy takes this perspective, which assumes that human development is a lifelong process and that personality patterns and behavioural changes can occur at any time

A

Life-span perspective

31
Q

In feminist therapy, individuals’ personal problems have social and political causes. Therapy is aimed at helping clients change their own behaviour and become active participants in transforming society

A

Personal is political

32
Q

In feminist therapy, emphasis is on the power difference between men and women in society. Clients are helped to recognize different kinds of power they possess and how they and others exercise power

A

Power analysis

33
Q

In feminist therapy, a technique whereby the counsellor changes the frame of reference for looking at an individual’s behavior. There is a shift from an intrapersonal (or “blaming the victim“) stance to a consideration of social factors in the environment that contribute to a clients problem

A

Reframing

34
Q

In feminist therapy, an intervention that changes the label or evaluation applied to the clients behavioural characteristics. Generally, the focus shifted from a negative to a positive evaluation

A

Relabelling

35
Q

In feminist therapy, The idea that a woman’s sense of self depends largely on how she connects with others

A

Self-in-relation

36
Q

In structural family therapy an emotional barrier that protects individuals within a system

A

Boundary

37
Q

In multigenerational family therapy, Bowen’s concept of psychological separation of intellect and emotions and of independence of the self from others. The greater one’s differentiation, the better ones ability to keep from being drawn into dysfunctional patterns with other family members.

A

Differentiation of self

38
Q

In strategic family therapy, the term for a family organization characterized by psychological isolation that results from rigid boundaries

A

Disengagement

39
Q

In structural family therapy an intervention consisting of a family playing out its relationship patterns during a therapy session so that the therapist can observe and then change transactions that make up the family structure

A

Enactment

40
Q

In strategic family therapy, term referring to a family structure in which there is a blurring of psychological boundaries, making autonomy very difficult to achieve

A

Enmeshment

41
Q

The functional organization of a family, which determines interactional patterns among members

A

Family structure

42
Q

A schematic diagram of the family system, usually including at least three generations; employed by many family therapists to identify recurring behaviour patterns within the family

A

Genogram

43
Q

A family member who carries the symptoms for a family and who is identified by the family as the person with the problem. In genograms, this person is the index person

A

Identified patient/client

44
Q

In structural family therapy, accommodating to a family’s system to help the members change dysfunctional patterns

A

Joining

45
Q

In multigenerational family therapy, the way in which dysfunctional patterns are passed from one generation to the next

A

Multigenerational transmission process

46
Q

A technique in strategic family therapy whereby the therapist directs family members to continue their symptomatic behavior. Change occurs through defying the directive

A

Paradoxical directive

47
Q

Relabelling a families description of behaviour by putting it into a new and more positive perspective

A

Reframing

48
Q

A therapeutic approach where by the therapist develops a specific plan and designs interventions geared toward solving a family’s presenting problems

A

Strategic family therapy

49
Q

A therapeutic approach directed at changing or realigning the organization of a family to modify dysfunctional patterns and clarify boundaries

A

Structural family therapy

50
Q

In family therapy, a three-person system; the smallest stable emotional unit of human relations

A

Triangle

51
Q

In family therapy, a pattern of interaction consisting of detouring conflict between two people by involving a third person

A

Triangulation