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AY13 Sociology - Education > Key Terms > Flashcards

Flashcards in Key Terms Deck (36)
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1
Q

Agency

A

The idea that individuals have free will and can make their own choices.

2
Q

Capitalism

A

Private ownership of companies.

3
Q

Collective conscience

A

A set of shared beliefs and attitudes shared by all members of a group or society.

4
Q

An agency socialisation

A

Any group or institution that passes on cultural norms and values

5
Q

Organic analogy

A

The act of viewing society as a human body

6
Q

Cultural deprivation

A

Being deprived of the cultural attributes necessary for educational success.

7
Q

Compensatory education

A

Additional educational provision for disadvantaged children to give them a helping hand to compete on equal terms.

8
Q

Deterministic theory

A

Individuals don’t have a choice about how they behave. Human behaviour is determined by social structures and circumstances.

9
Q

Ethnicity

A

Groups within a population regarded by themselves as culturally distinctive and different.
They usually see themselves as having a common origin, and they may share some practices or beliefs.

10
Q

Ethnocentric

A

Believing that the history, customs and traditions of your own race or nationality are superior to those of other races.

11
Q

Globalisation

A

The process of all parts of the world becoming interconnected so that national boundaries become less important.

12
Q

Hidden curriculum

A

The unwritten rules, values and behaviours that students are expected to conform to and learn while in school e.g punctuality or respect for authority.

13
Q

Ideology

A

A set of beliefs that promotes the interests of one group at the expense of others.

14
Q

Institutionalised racism

A

The failure of an organisation or institution to provide an effective service for people because of their colour or ethnicity.
The organisation processes, attitudes and behaviours will discriminate - often unconsciously - through prejudice and racial stereotyping.

15
Q

Labelling

A

When labels or names are attached to people, ascribing certain characteristics to those individuals.
Labels are often simplified and drawn upon stereotypes.

16
Q

Legitimation

A

The process of justifying or gaining support for an idea or policy. It often involves justifying injustice or inequality, perhaps by portraying it as natural.

17
Q

Marketisation

A

Organising state-run services more like private companies, competing for ‘customers’.

18
Q

Material deprivation

A

A lack of money or resources, preventing members of society from purchasing goods and services that other members of society can afford.

19
Q

Meritocracy

A

A society or system in which success or failure is seen as the result of ability and hard work.

20
Q

Patriarchy

A

A system or society in which men hold the power, and largely excluded from it. Women’s interests are subordinated to the interests of men.

21
Q

Relativism

A

The idea that no absolute truth can ever be known or exist.

22
Q

Role allocation

A

The process of deciding who does what role within society.

23
Q

Self-concept

A

The sort of person you think you are.

24
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

Accepting and taking on labels that people have given you.

25
Q

Self-refuting prophecy

A

Rejecting labels that people have given you.

26
Q

Socialisation

A

The process of learning how to behave in a way that society accepts

27
Q

Social mobility

A

The ability to move upwards (or downwards) between the groups of a social hierarchy (i.e working class to middle class).

28
Q

Peer group

A

A group of friends and/or fellow pupils

29
Q

Individualisation

A

A process in which group identities are lost i.e class, gender.
Individuals have more freedom to choose different lifestyles and lose loyalty to their groups.

30
Q

Hegemonic masculinity

A

The dominant ideas of what it means to be masculine in a particular culture.

31
Q

Moral panic

A

Public anxiety often generated by mass media reports. It involves an exaggerated and often irrational fear about something portrayed as new/growing.

32
Q

Tripartite System

A

Form of secondary education introduced by the 1944 Education Act - all students taking the 11+.

Separated into 3 types of schools: Grammar, Technical schools and Secondary Modern

33
Q

Subculture

A

Groups within wider social groups who share a unique set of lifestyles, attitudes and values.
This allows members to gain status, mutual support and a sense of belonging.

34
Q

Norms

A

Behaviours and attitudes in which are considered normal.

35
Q

Values

A

Things that people consider important to them.

36
Q

Primary Socialisation

A

The process by which parents and significant family members teach their children how to behave in a way that society accepts and expects.