Key Area 1-Lab Techniques for Biologits Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Key Area 1-Lab Techniques for Biologits Deck (32)
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1
Q

How do the risks vary between working in a lab and working in the field?

A

Working outside has many more possible hazards than lab work

2
Q

What are three risks that must be assessed when working in the field?

A
  • weather
  • isolation
  • terrain
3
Q

How should sampling impact the species and habitats?

A

Impact should be minimal

4
Q

When sampling rare or vulnerable species what should be considered?

A

Legislation

5
Q

Describe quadrants

A

Used for sessile or slow moving organisms, come in different shapes and sizes for different areas or species

6
Q

What are the capture techniques for sessile species?

A

Transects and point counts

7
Q

What are the capture techniques for mobile species?

A

Camera traps and scat sampling

8
Q

Describe a camera trap

A

Camera traps are a direct method and remote detection is involved so footage is looked at at a later date

9
Q

What type of sampling should be used when sampling elusive species?

A

Camera traps

10
Q

What are three methods of identifying samples?

A
  • key
  • classification guides
  • DNA or protein analysis
11
Q

What are the taxonomic groupings of life in order?

A
  • domain
  • kingdom
  • phylum/division
  • class
  • order
  • family
  • genus
  • species
12
Q

Why is familiarity with the taxonomic groupings important for biologists?

A

It allows predictions and inferences to be made between the biology of an organism and the better known model organism

13
Q

What is the importance of genetic evidence in classification?

A

Studying genetic evidence reveals a protein he relatedness between organisms as it can sometimes be skewed by convergent and divergent evolution.
The evolutionary relatedness or different groups of organisms is key to biological understanding.

14
Q

What are the three domains of life?

A
  • archea
  • bacteria
  • eukaryotes
15
Q

What are the five divisions in the plant kingdom?

A
  • mosses
  • liverworts
  • conifers
  • ferns
  • flowering plants
16
Q

what are the five phyla in the animal kingdom?

A
  • Chordata
  • Arthropoda
  • Nematoda
  • Platyhelminthes
  • Mollusca
17
Q

What is a model organism?

A

An organism that has been widely studied to understand complex biological phenomena

18
Q

How are model organisms selected?

A

From within all taxonomic groups and are used to obtain information that can be applied to species that are more difficult to study directly

19
Q

What are named examples of important model organisms?

A
Bacterium- E. Coli
Arthropod- Drosophila melanogaster
Chordates- Mice eats and zebra fish
Nematode- C. Elegans
Flowering plants- Arabidopsis
20
Q

What is an indicator species?

A

A species whose presence, absence or abundance gives information about environmental qualities such as presence of pollutants

21
Q

What is classification of vegetation based on?

A

Indicator species present in communities

22
Q

What technique is used for estimating population size?

A

Mark and recapture techniques

23
Q

What is the formula used for mark and recapture techniques?

A
N=MC/R
N is total population
M is number of population marked
C is number of population marked in second sample
R is number of population recaptured
24
Q

What assumptions are made in mark and recapture techniques?

A
  • all individuals have the same chance of being captured
  • there is no immigration or emigration
  • there is no birth or death during the sample
  • sampling methods are identical each time
  • sampling methods don’t change behaviour or survival
  • marked individuals mix randomly in population
25
Q

What are five ways to mark organisms?

A
  • rings or bands
  • tagging
  • transmitters
  • hair clipping
  • colour marking
26
Q

What should be considered when choosing a marking technique?

A

Which one has the least impact on study species

27
Q

What is an ethogram?

A

A table of all the different kinds of activity or behaviour observed in an animal, through observing them in natural or semi-natural surroundings

28
Q

Where are ethograms used?

A

In ethology which is the study of animal behaviour

29
Q

What should be measured when recording animal behaviour?

A
  • start time and stop time (duration)
  • overall length of time of observation
  • latency (time between stimulation and response)
  • frequency of behaviour
30
Q

What sort of behaviours are recorded using an ethogram?

A

Movement
Feeding
Courtship

31
Q

What is anthropomorphism?

A

Applying human activity, traits or emotions to animals

32
Q

Why should anthropomorphism be avoided?

A

Behaviours can be misinterpreted and invalid conclusions are drawn