What is disruptive selection?
Increases the frequency of large and small values of a trait at the expense of intermediate values
(Frequency graph looks like two camel humps)
What is directional selection?
Transforms the value of a trait by increasing the frequency of individuals closer to a distant optimum
What is stabilising selection?
Keeps the population at one stable optimal value
Graphs look like one hump in middle
What are the environmental effects of a shared father?
Nuptial gifts
Territory quality
Parental pouch brooding
Paternal care
What are the environmental effects of a shared mother?
Egg size
Egg content
Womb/pouch conditions
Milk quality
Maternal care
What is fisherian sexual selection?
Exaggerated traits due to gene preference and the gene for traits are linked
What is the handicap hypothesis?
Exaggerated trait due to big trait indicating that male is good quality to survive
What is sexual selection after copulation?
Intrasexual- postcopulatory sexual selection
Intersexual- cryptic female choice
What is sexual selection before copulation !
Intrasexual - male-male competition
Intersexual - female mate choice
To be successful (fitness) you must have what?
A high number of offspring
What is batemans rule?
Steepness of slope of line
Variance in Mating Success within a sex
Shape- not always linear
What are batemans principles?
Males should display greater variance than females in both :
1) number of mates
2) offspring number
3) the correlation between number of mates and number of offspring should be stronger in males than in females
What is batemans gradient ?
The statistical relationship between mating success and reproductive success
What are the types of coevolutionary interactions?
Mutualism + +
Commensalism o +
Antagonism - +
Competition - -