Just Drugs...Do Drugs, Give Hugs. Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Just Drugs...Do Drugs, Give Hugs. Deck (29)
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1
Q

Botulinum Toxin/Botox

A

block Ach secretion at Pre-synaptic terminals by vesicles bc it cleaves SNARE proteins (Sna25/syntaxin and Synaptobrevin/Vamp)

2
Q

Hemicholinium

A

Interferes with Ach synthesis in pre-synaptic terminals by blocking high affinity Choline Transporter

3
Q

Name the non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents

How do they work?

A

D-tubocurarine (Curare - prototype)

Pancuronium
Cisatracurium
Vecuronium
Rocuronium

Decrease post-synaptic EPP amplitude by competition - therefore you need MORE Ach release to overcome and open ion channels

Competitive antagonist

4
Q

Name the depolarizing NMBA and its mechanism of action

A

Succinyl Choline

Extended depolarization of post-synaptic AchR and cannot repolarize again preventing further activation AND inactivates NA channels - dual block

Degraded by Butrylylcholine-Esterase and NOT by AchE

5
Q

Carbamylcholine (carbachol)

A

Muscarinic Agonist (although more nicotinic than muscarinic) that acts in the Gut, Eye and bladder

Used topically in the eye!!

Resistant to hydrolysis by AchE

6
Q

Acetyl-beta-Methylcholine (Methacholine)

A

Muscarinic Agonist

Slowly degraded by AchE

Acts in the Heart (M2 receptors)

7
Q

Bethanechol

A

Muscarinic antagonist that does NOT interact with nicotinic receptors

used for post-operative ileus, GERD, or congenital megacolon

Also used to increase Urinary retention

8
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Non-charged Muscarinic Agonist that is a natural alkaloid and used in the eye or to treat dry mouth

9
Q

Scopolamine

A

Non-charged Muscarinic antagonist that crosses into CNS and can cause amnesia

Used as a dermal patch to prevent Motion sickness (Prophylactically)

10
Q

Atropine

A

Muscarinic Antagonist

11
Q

Glycopyrrolate

A

Charged, Non-selective muscarinic antagonist

USED in Anasthesia

12
Q

Pirenzepine

A

M1 selective Muscarinic Antagonist

Used for gastric ulcers bc M1 in stomach

13
Q

Tiotropium

A

M1/M3 Muscarinic Antagonist used as an aerosolized spray in the lung

14
Q

2 Drugs Used for M3 selective Muscarinic Antagonism of Detrussor Muscles?

A

Tolterodine

Darlfenacin

15
Q

2 shortest acting Anti-muscarinics used in the eye?

A

Tropicamide

Cyclopentolate

16
Q

Edrophonium (Tensilon)

A

Reversible AchE inhibitor

blocks AchE at a peripheral site (not catalytic triad) and temporarily inhibits

CHARGED! So does not cross BBB and no CNS effects

used to DX Myasthenia Gravis

17
Q

What are Carbamates as a whole and how do they work?

A

Reversible AchE inhibitors

covalent bond formed with active site of enzyme and then carbamate cleaved to reverse inhibition….acts like Ach in AchE but much slower

18
Q

Organophosphates

A

Irreversibly bind in active site of AchE to inhibit it

Inhibition MAY be reversible if enzyme has not “aged” with use of Oximes

19
Q

Name the Carbamates. Which one is charged? Which one is not charged?

A

Physostigmine
Neostigmine
Pyridostigmine

Neostigmine is Charged and so does NOT cross BBB!

20
Q

What are the Oximes? Name them. How are they used?

A

Pralidoxime and Obidoxime

Used to reverse Organophosphate inhibition of AchE (provided “aging” has not occured”)

21
Q

Dobutamine

A

synthetic Catecholamine that only acts on B1 receptors

22
Q

PRazosin

A

A1 adrenergic receptor antagonist

23
Q

Phenylephrine

A

A1 Adrenergic receptor Agonist

24
Q

Yohimbine

A

A2 Adrenergic receptor Antagonist

25
Q

Clonidine

A

A2 adrenergic receptor agonst

26
Q

Metropolol and Atenolol

A

B1 adrenergic receptor Antagonists

27
Q

Albuterol

A

B2 adrenergic receptor agonist

28
Q

Mirabegron

A

B3 adrenergic receptor Agonist

29
Q

Name the 3 Indirect-Acting NE Releasers (non-catecholamines)

A

Tyramine

Amphetamine

Ephedrine