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A&P I > Joints (My Ch. 8, Class Ch. 9) > Flashcards

Joints (My Ch. 8, Class Ch. 9) Flashcards

1
Q

What is an arthrosis, or articulation?

A

A joint - point of contact between

a) two bones
b) bone and cartilage, or
c) bone and teeth

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2
Q

What are the three functional kinds of joints (based on how much motion occurs at the joint)?

A

SAD:
Synarthrosis (immovable)
Amphiarthrosis (slighthly movable)
Diarthrosis (freely movable)

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3
Q

What is an example of a synarthrosis joint?

A

Skull suture

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4
Q

What is an example of an amphiarthrosis joint?

A

Pubic symphysis - doesn’t move very much

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5
Q

What is an example of a diarthrosis joint?

A

Elbow or knee

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6
Q

What are the 3 STRUCTURAL classifications of joints? (Based on tissue type of connection)

A
  1. Fibrous joints (fibrous connective tissue)
  2. Cartilaginous joints (cartilage)
  3. Synovial joints (synovial cavity)
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7
Q

What kind of connective tissue forms the articular capsule of synovial joints?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

*Often ligaments, too

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8
Q

What are the 3 types of fibrous joints?

A
  1. Sutures (skull)
  2. Syndesmosis (gap between articulating surfaces, held together by ligament)
  3. Gomphosis (teeth-bone only)
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9
Q

Syndesmosis fibrous joints are:

a) Synarthroses
b) Amphiarthroses, or
c) Diarthroses

A

b) Amphiarthroses

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?

A
  1. Synchondrosis (connected by hyaline cartilage)

2. Symphysis (Ends of bone connect by fibrocartilage disc, e.g. pubic symphysis or other amphiarthroses)

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11
Q

What functional kind of joint are synovial joints? Synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, or diarthrosis?

A

Diarthrosis

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12
Q

What are syndesmoses?

A

Bones connected by ligaments only

“Syndesmosos” = ligament

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13
Q

Synovial has a funny meaning; what is it?

A

Joint eggs

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14
Q

What two layers make up the articular capsule?

A
  1. Fibrous capsule

2. Synovial membrane

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15
Q

What type of connective tissue makes up the fibrous capsule layer of the articular capsule?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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16
Q

What does the articular capsule attach to superficially?

A

The periosteum

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17
Q

What is the inner layer of the articular capsule?

A

The synovial membrane

18
Q

What kind of connective tissue makes up the synovial membrane of the articular capsule?

A

Areolar connective tissue

19
Q

What role do ligaments play for synovial joints?

A

Ligaments reinforce the joint

20
Q

What is the difference between extracapsular and intracapsular accessory ligaments around synovial joints?

A 
Extra = outside capsule (e.g. collateral ligaments of knee)
Intra = inside capsule (e.g. cruciate ligaments of knee)
21
Q

What kind of cartilage makes up a meniscus?

A

Fibrocartilage

22
Q

What is a tendon sheath?

A

Bursa in the sape of a tube. Surrounds tendon at sites of friction of synovial joints (e.g. shoulder, wrist, fingers)

23
Q

What makes up a bursa?

A

Connective tissue sac lined with synovial membrane. Filled with viscous fluid.

24
Q

What is a planar joint? How many planes does it move in? Is it axial (rotates on an axis)? Example?

A

Relatively flat surfaces
Glide over each other in 2 planes (back and forth)
Nonaxial
Ex: Intercarpal, intertarsal, clavicular, and costal joints

25
Q

What is a hinge joint? How many planes does it move in? Is it axial (rotates on an axis)? Example?

A

One convex and one concave surface
Monaxial (one axis of rotation)
Ex: knee, elbow, interphalangeal joints

26
Q

What is a pivot joint? How many planes does it move in? Is it axial (rotates on an axis)? Example?

A

Ring-shaped like a car fan belt articulation
Monaxial (one axis of rotation)
Ex: atlantoaxial or radioulnar joints

27
Q

What is an ellipsoidal (condyloid) joint? How many planes does it move in? Is it axial (rotates on an axis)? Example?

A

Convex oval surface articulates with concave oval surface
Biaxial (2 axes of rotation)
Ex: wrist, metacarpophalangeal 2-5 joints

28
Q

What is a saddle joint? How many planes does it move in? Is it axial (rotates on an axis)? Example?

A

Saddle- and rider-shaped surfaces
Biaxial (2 axes of rotation)
Ex: carpometacarpal joint of thumb

29
Q

What is a ball-and-socket joint? How many planes does it move in? Is it axial (rotates on an axis)? Example?

A

Ball surface fits into cup surface
Multiaxial rotation
Ex: shoulder, hip

30
Q

Which end of the bone is the insertion, and which is the origin?

A

Origin attaches to immovable (or less movable) site, insertion attaches to movable (or more movable) site
Example: Femur
Origin: hip joint
Insertion: knee joint

31
Q

Flexion vs. Extension vs. Hyperextension

A

Flexion decreases the angle of the joint (ex: head bending towards chest)
Extension increases the angle of the joint (ex: head bending backwards straight up)
Hyperextension: extension past anatomical position (ex: head bent back at neck towards back)

32
Q

Example of gliding motion

A

Intercarpal or Intertarsal (wrist moves in a side-to-side wave)

33
Q

Circumduction

A

Moving a limb so that it makes a cone in space (keeping a hula hoop on your arm)

34
Q

Rotation

Difference between medial and lateral rotation

A

Rotating a bone on its own long axis
Medial - towards midline
Lateral - away from midline
Ex: Turning your head left to right

35
Q

Supination vs. Pronation

A

Palm up vs. palm down
Supination = anatomical position: radius and ulna are parallel
Pronation - radius rotates over ulna

36
Q

Dorsiflexion vs. plantar flexion

A

Bottom of the foot - Plantar flexion goes down like plantar, dorsiflection goes up like you’re bringing your toes towars your head

37
Q

Inversion vs. eversion

A

Bottom of foot faces medially (inversion) or laterally (eversion)

38
Q

Elevation vs. depression of body parts

A

Elevate: lift up
Depress: move down
Example: mandible, shrugging your shoulders up and down

39
Q

Saddle joint btw metacarpal 1 and trapezium allows this movement, which makes human hands so special

A

Opposition of thumb

40
Q

Three factors affect a joint’s _______ __ _________:

  1. Shape of articular surfaces
  2. # and positioning of ligaments
  3. Muscle tone
A

Range of motion

aka stability

A&P I (11 decks)

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